Makeup Source

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Makeup Source	Makeup Block (MU)	Discard Sink	Discard Block (DB)	DirectLink	Flange	Tear

General Description

The Makeup Source acts as an infinite source of material.
A Makeup Source is used to provide material to any number of Makeup Blocks which are enabled in units in the project.
The Makeup Source is configured in almost the same way as a Feeder, with the user specifying the mass fractions of the species and the required temperature. However, the user does not specify the amount of material flowing from the unit, as this is the sum of the Makeup Block requirements.
The Makeup Source will supply the amount of material as required by each Makeup Block and will display the individual flow to each unit, as well as the total flow required.
The Makeup Source is NOT connected to the Makeup Blocks by a normal link. SysCAD creates a DirectLink which is automatically drawn at the Makeup Block. It is important to note that no links can be connected to the Makeup Source.

Video Links

The following video is part of the Tutorial showing users how to insert and configure a Makeup Source:

Insert and Configure a Makeup Source video

Diagram

The Makeup Source unit may be placed on any page in a simulation model. It can then be used on all pages in a model.

Inputs and Outputs

The Makeup Source does not have any inputs or outputs.

The Makeup Block(s) are connected indirectly by selecting the name of the required Makeup Source from a drop down list of available makeup sources in the project as shown below:

Data Sections

MakeupSource tab - this is the first Tab and is used to configure the following:
- Set the Temperature and Pressure (if required) of the material from the source; or
- Copy the composition, temperature and pressure (all three, or a combination of them) from another unit.
Total tab - Shows results.
VLE - Optional tab that is visible if Vapour Liquid Equilibrium is enabled on the first tab.
Content tab - Optional tab only shown if ShowContent option on first tab page is ticked. Contains data on the material from the Source and may be spread across one or two Tabs, depending on the project and the selected views.
WQ - Optional tab, this tab is only visible if WaterQualities in the Plant Model - Views tab page is ticked.
DSp - this Tab contains the breakdown of the species contained in the project. This may be spread across one or two Tabs, depending on the number of species in the project.
DLockup - Optional tab that is visible if Qualities - "Lockup.Action = Create". Please see LockUp for more information.
DTrack - Optional tab that is visible if Qualities - "MatTrack.Action = Create". Please see Material Tracking for more information.
DSz - Optional tab that is visible if Qualities - "SzDist.Action = Create". This allows the user to define the Size Distribution(s) for the solids in the unit. Please see Size Distribution (PSD) for more information. The methods of defining the Size Distribution can be found in Size Distribution Definition.
DSSA - Optional tab that is visible if Qualities - "SzSSA.Action = Create". Please see Specific Surface Area (SSA) for more information.
QProd - This and subsequent tab pages, e.g. QProd.. and Sp, shows the properties of the stream out of the unit.
Info tab - Contains general settings for the unit and allows the user to include documentation about the unit and create Hyperlinks to external documents.
Links tab, contains a summary table for all the input and output streams.
Audit tab - Contains summary information required for Mass and Energy balance. See Model Examples for enthalpy calculation Examples.

The data sections and variable names are described in detail in the following table.

MakeUp Source Page

Unit Type: MakeupSource - The first tab page in the access window will have this name.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description / Calculated Variables
Tag	Display	This name tag may be modified with the change tag option.
Condition	Display	OK if no errors/warnings, otherwise lists errors/warnings.
ConditionCount	Display	The current number of errors/warnings. If condition is OK, returns 0.
GeneralDescription / GenDesc	Display	This is an automatically generated description for the unit. If the user has entered text in the 'EqpDesc' field on the Info tab (see below), this will be displayed here. If this field is blank, then SysCAD will display the UnitType or SubClass.
MakeupSource Operation Selection
Operation	General	This operation allows user full control for setting all available MakeupSource options. Composition Fetch and full species list are available in the DSp tab.
	Solids	This operation mode will apply a solids filter to the DSp tab, all species in other phases are forced to zero. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium is not available as it does not apply to solids.
	Liquids	This operation mode will apply a liquids filter to the DSp tab, all species in other phases are forced to zero. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium selection is limited to Saturated or subcooled liquid.
	Vapours	This operation mode will apply a vapours filter to the DSp tab, all species in other phases are forced to zero. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium selection is limited to Saturated or Superheated vapour mixtures. NOTE: for mixed phases please use the General Operation mode.
	Slurry	This operation mode will apply a solids & liquids filter to the DSp tab, all species in other phases are forced to zero. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium selection is limited to Saturated or subcooled liquid.
	Water	This operation mode will apply a water filter to the DSp tab, the only species shown is Water. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium selection is limited to Saturated or subcooled liquid. NOTE: for non saturated conditions please use the General Operation mode.
	Steam	This operation mode will apply a Steam filter to the DSp tab, the only species shown is Steam. This operation mode does not allow composition Fetch. VLEquilibrium selection is limited to Saturated or Superheated pure steam. NOTE: for steam mixed with other vapours use the Vapours or General Operation mode.
	PlantModel Air	This operation will fetch the Global air specification from Plant Model - Environment Tab, Air Composition section into the DSp Tab.
	PlantModel DryAir	This operation will fetch the Global dry air specification from Plant Model - Environment Tab, DryAir Composition section into the DSp Tab.
	Stream Fetch	This operation will allow user to fetch the stream T, P, and composition information from another stream. User must specify the source stream, e.g.: P_104.Qo OR ROM_STOCKPILE.QFeed.
	Content Fetch	This is available for dynamic simulation only. This operation will allow user to fetch the T, P and composition information from another content (such as tank). User must specify the source, e.g.: Tank1.Content.
	MakeupSrc Fetch	This operation will allow user to fetch the stream information from another MakeupSrc. A DirectLink pipe is not created between the other MakeupSrc and this Makeup Source, and the flow used is NOT reflected in the other MakeupSrc total. The other MakeupSrc is used as a template definition for Composition, T and P.
	Link to MakeupSrc	This operation will allow user to draw the flow from another MakeupSrc, the DirectLink is automatically created similar to a Makeup block. The advantage of this operation mode is that the other MakeupSrc is the source of the material, a DirectLink stream is created and the flow used is reflected in the other MakeupSrc total. This is ideal for cascaded Makeup Sources, for example a single Makeup Source for total water supply, then intermediate Makeup Sources for each process area for area water demand.
Source	Input	Visible with the Stream Fetch operation. User specified the source stream, e.g.: P_104.Qo OR ROM_STOCKPILE.QFeed Visible with the Content Fetch operation. User specified the source content, e.g.: Tank1.Content. (This is for dynamic mode only)
MakeupSrc	DropList	Visible with the MakeupSrc Fetch operation. User selects the available makeup source unit from the list. NOTE: If setting the makeup source via a controller or Excel, use the tag name of the makeup source. This is a string variable and cannot be set by integer index.
SrcLink... (This group is only visible with Link to MakeupSrc operation mode)
MakeupSrc	DropList	Visible with the Link to MakeupSrc operation. User selects the available makeup source unit from the list. NOTE: If setting the makeup source via a controller or Excel, use the tag name of the makeup source. This is a string variable and cannot be set by integer index.
DirectLink	Feedback	Lists the name of the direct link (auto added by SysCAD). This auto link can be renamed, the graphics for this autolink can also be adjusted using either 'change symbol' or 'redraw link'.
Connect	Feedback	Returns the status of the makeup connection with the makeup source. If the makeup source tag is invalid or empty, an error will be given.
Flow Requirements
The SpModel.Reqd field is only shown if more than one Species Model is available in the project (e.g. Standard and Bayer3).
SpModel.Reqd	Inherit	Upstream configuration will be used.
	Standard	Most of the variables are calculated using the Mass Weighted Mean of the species. See Standard Species Model
	Species Model	Use an alternative species model, such as 'Bayer3' or 'Potash'.
SpModel.Used	Standard	The Standard species model is being used.
SpModel.Used	Species Model	An alternative species model is being used.
SpModelType	Display	This field displays the Species Model type used in the unit.
Temperature & Pressure Requirements Note: The VLE options are only valid for components with VLE information. When one of the VLE options is chosen, the VLE tab will be visible. *Note that some VLE conditions are inherently unachievable: for example you can never have a saturated vapour if there are nonvolatile liquid* components present**. See these notes. If you try to set an unachievable condition you will get an error.
VLEquilibrium	Off	Default. No VLE data is applied. The user can enter values for both P_Reqd and T_Reqd.
	Saturated_Vap(T)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated VAPOUR conditions at the Temperature in the T_Reqd field.
	Saturated_Vap(P)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated VAPOUR conditions at the Pressure in the P_Reqd field.
	SuperHeat_Vap(dT,P)	This allows the Feeder mixture to be at superheated conditions at the Pressure in the P_Reqd field. The temperature will be automatically adjusted to be at the saturated temperature plus SuperHeatReqd.
	SuperHeat_Vap(T,P)	This allows the Feeder mixture to be at superheated conditions. P_Reqd must be ≤ P_saturated at the specified Temperature (T_Reqd)(SysCAD will auto adjust the pressure if it is greater than the saturated pressure).
	Saturated_Liq(T)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated LIQUID conditions at the Temperature in the T_Reqd field.
	Saturated_Liq(P)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated LIQUID conditions at the Pressure in the P_Reqd field.
	Subcooled_Liq(dT,P)	This allows the Feeder mixture to be at sub-cooled conditions at the Pressure in the P_Reqd field. The temperature will be automatically adjusted to be at the saturated temperature minus SubCoolingReqd.
	Subcooled_Liq(T,P)	This allows the Feeder mixture to be at sub-cooled conditions. P_Reqd must be ≥ P_saturated at the specified Temperature (T_Reqd) (SysCAD will auto adjust the pressure if it is less than the saturated pressure).
	Saturated(X,T)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated conditions at the Temperature in the T_Reqd field, with a vapour fraction (steam quality if the volatile component is H2O) of X_Reqd.
	Saturated(X,P)	The Feeder composition will be auto adjusted to saturated conditions at the Pressure in the P_Reqd field, with a vapour fraction (steam quality if the volatile component is H2O) of X_Reqd.
	Saturated_Non_Cond(T,P)	The vapour fraction of the volatile component (X_Rqd) will be auto adjusted to saturated conditions at the Temperature in the T_Reqd field and Pressure in the P_Reqd field, when non-condensable gases are present.
	Relative Humidity	The Feeder must contain gases. If the user selects this option, SysCAD will adjust the amount of H2O(g) to give the required relative humidity in the gas stream. SysCAD will adjust the fractions of the gases in the Feeder other than H2O(g) proportionally. Relative Humidity = Partial Pressure of H2O(g) / Saturation Pressure of H2O(g) at Stream Temperature * 100 Please see the YouTube link for a video presentation on using this functionality.
VapourCalcs	Display	This field is only visible if VLEquilibrium is in use. Shows VLE method and component used.
TemperatureReqd / T_Reqd	Input / Calc	The required temperature of the material from the feeder. This value is calculated if one of the Saturated at pressure or dT VLE options are chosen.
PressureReqd / P_Reqd	Input / Calc	The required input pressure. This value is not usually required for steady state mass balances. However, for energy balances, especially in the case of steam/water, it is important that the correct pressure is specified. This value is calculated if one of the Saturated at temperature VLE options is chosen.
StaticHead	Input	Only visible in Dynamic projects. The static head. This will affect the pressure in the downstream pipe.
SuperHeatReqd	Input	This field is only visible if the SuperHeat_Vap(dT,P) VLE option is selected. This is the degrees of superheat of the stream (T - Saturation temperature).
SubCoolingReqd	Input	This field is only visible if the SubCooled_Liq(dT,P) VLE option is selected. This is the degrees of subcooling of the stream (Saturation temperature - T).
X_Reqd(VapourFrac)	Input / Calc	This field is only visible if VLEquilibrium is in use. The required vapour fraction (or steam quality if the volatile component is H2O) of the material from the feeder. This value is calculated unless the Saturated(X,T) or Saturated(X,P) VLE option is chosen.
RelHumidityReqd	Input	This field is only visible if the RelativeHumidity VLE option is selected. This is the required relative humidity (Partial Pressure of H2O(g) / Saturation Pressure of H2O(g) at Stream Temperature) of the feed.
Qualities
(These options are only available as specified in the model's configuration file.)
Lockup.Action	Input	The user may choose to Create the Lockup quality. The 'Lockup' values are set on the 'DLockup' tab. The field displays the actual state of the Lock Up function: If this has been enabled then this will display 'Lockup.Action(On)', otherwise it will display 'Lockup.Action'. Please see LockUp for more information. Note: Lockup must first be enabled on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab before the user may create it here.
MatTrack.Action	Input	The user may choose to Create the Material Tracking quality. The 'Tracking' values are set on the 'DTrack' tab. The field displays the actual state of the Material Tracking function: If this has been enabled then this will display 'MatTrack.Action(On)', otherwise it will display 'MatTrack.Action'. Please see Material Tracking for more information. Note: Material Tracking must first be configured on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab before the user may create it here.
SzDist.Action	Input	The user may choose to Create the Size Distribution quality. The 'Size Distribution' values are set on the 'DSz' tab. The field displays the actual state of the Size Distribution function: If this has been enabled then this will display 'SzDist.Action(On)', otherwise it will display 'SzDist.Action'. Please see Size Distribution (PSD) for more information.
SzSSA.Action	Input	The user may choose to Create the Specific Surface Area (SSA) quality. The 'SSA' values are set on the 'SSA' tab. The field displays the actual state of the SSA function: If this has been enabled then this will display 'SzSSA.Action(On)', otherwise it will display 'SzSSA.Action'. Please see Specific Surface Area (SSA) for more information.
Lockup.InUse	Display	Displays the state of the LockUp function: Yes or No.
MatTrack.InUse	Display	Displays the state of the Material Tracking function: Yes or No.
SzDist.InUse	Display	Displays the state of the Size Distribution (PSD) function: Yes or No.
SzSSA.InUse	Display	Displays the state of the Specific Surface Area (SSA) function: Yes or No.
CF (Composition Fetch)
CF.When	Off	No information will be transferred automatically. The user may still manually transfer data from the source by pressing the CF.Fetch button.
	OnceOff	This mode allows a once off automatic information transfer of information at the next project step (if the project is solving) or when project solve/run is started (if the project is stopped). Once the data has been transferred, it will revert back to the off mode.
	Continuous	This mode allows continuous automatic information transfer while the project is solving. This is similar to a cross page connector in terms of material flow but the solver will treat the unit operations separately. Therefore, for large projects with difficult to solve recycle streams, this is a great way of breaking up the solver network to improve solve speed.
CF.What	Nothing	No information will be fetched.
	T	Temperature information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	P	Pressure information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	T, P	Temperature and Pressure information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	Comp	Component make up information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	T, Comp	Temperature and Component make up information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	P, Comp	Pressure and Component make up information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
	T, P, Comp	Temperature, Pressure and Component make up information from the CF.Source unit (specified by the user) will be used.
CF.What.Phase	Only available in Build 139 or later. Only shown if the CF.What option selected includes Comp and/or Flow.
	All	The fetch will be based on ALL of the phases in the stream.
	Solids	The fetch will only be based on the solid phase in the stream.
	Liquids	The fetch will only be based on the liquid phase in the stream.
	Vapours	The fetch will only be based on the vapour phase in the stream.
	Solids & Liquids	The fetch will only be based on the solid and liquid phases in the stream.
	Solids & Vapours	The fetch will only be based on the solid and vapour phases in the stream.
	Liquids & Vapours	The fetch will only be based on the liquid and vapour phases in the stream.
CF.What.Quality	Tick Box	Different options will appear in this space depending on the options available. Possible options include: LockUp, Size data and so on.
CF.Source	Input	The user inputs the source unit from where the data is copied.
CF.WarnOnZeroSrc	Tick Box	Flag a warning message if the source of the composition fetch drops to zero flow.
CF.WarnOnCoExist	Tick Box
CF.Fetch	Button	The user may fetch the information from the Source by pressing this button.
Options
ShowContent	Tick Box	If enabled the Content tab pages will be displayed. Contains data on the material from the Source and may be spread across one or two Tabs, depending on the project and the selected views.

Total Page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description / Calculated Variables
Results: Total Flow Conditions
State	Display	Displays the state of the unit.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow out of the source.
VolFlow / Qv	Display	The volume flow out of the source.
NVolFlow / NQv	Display	The normalised volume flow out of the source.
Temperature / T	Calc	The temperature of the material flowing out of the source.
Density / Rho	Calc	The density of the material flowing out of the source.
NDensity / NRho	Display	The normalised density of the material flowing out of the source.
Pressure / P	Calc	The pressure of the material flowing out of the source.
Summary
Total.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The total Mass of material flowing out of the source.
Total.VolFlow / Qv	Calc	The total Volume of material flowing out of the source.
Total.NVolFlow / NQv	Calc	The total Normalised Volume of material flowing out of the source.
Total.Moles	Calc	The total number of Moles of material flowing out of the source.
Total.totHs@T	Calc	The total Sensible Enthalpy of the material flowing out of the source.
Total.totHz@T	Calc	The total Enthalpy including Phase Change of the material flowing out of the source.
Total.totHf@T	Calc	The Total Enthalpy of the material flowing out of the source.
Totals
This section displays a list of all units which have makeup blocks using this makeup source. The three columns of data displayed for each unit are described below:
DemandTag	Display	The tag of the unit which has at least one makeup block using this makeup source.
Count	Calc	The number of makeup blocks in the unit which are using this makeup source.
MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The total mass of material flowing from this makeup source to the unit.
Networks
Network.Count	Calc	The number of networks which have at least one makeup block using this makeup source.
Network.List	Display	A list of the Network IDs of the networks which have at least one makeup block using this makeup source.
This section displays a list of the networks which have makeup blocks using this makeup source. The five columns displayed for each network are described below:
NetID	Calc	The Network ID.
MUCount	Calc	The number of makeup blocks within the network which are using this makeup source.
MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The total mass of material flowing from this makeup source to the network.
VolFlow / Qv	Calc	The total volume of material flowing from this makeup source to the network.
Clipboard	Button	If this button is pressed, a dropdown list of two options will appear: Tags: A list of the units within the network which have makeup blocks using this makeup source will be copied to the clipboard. Tags Flows: A table of the units within the network which have makeup blocks using this makeup source, along with their current mass and volume flows, will be copied to the clipboard.

Content Tab Page

This section mainly has read only variables, except for the first section, Model.

Model determines which species model the feeder uses. The options available to the user will depend on the species model used by the project. Please refer to the species model for a description of this page, if a species model is chosen. The default, 'Standard', will be described here.

Tag (Long/short)	Input / Calc	Calculated Variables / Options
Model The SpModel.Reqd field is only shown if more than one Species Model is available in the project (e.g. Standard and Bayer3). On a Content page, it is an input field. If SpModel.Reqd is set to Inherit, then the species model used with the be the default method as selected in the configuration file.
SpModel.Reqd	Inherit	Upstream configuration will be used.
	Standard	All the variables are calculated using the Mass Weighted Mean of the species.
	Species Model	Use an alternative species model, such as 'Bayer3' or 'Potash'.
SpModel.Used	Standard	The Standard species model is being used.
SpModel.Used	Species Model	An alternative species model is being used.
SpModelType	Display	This field displays the Species Model type (or Name) used.
Content Properties
Temperature / T	Calc	The temperature of the incoming material.
Pressure / P	Calc	The pressure of the incoming material.
Density See the section on Density for further information.
Density / Rho	Calc	Calculated Density of the material
SolidDensity / SRho	Calc	Density of the solids phase
LiquidDensity / LRho	Calc	Density of the liquid phase
VapourDensity / VRho	Calc	Density of the vapour phase
SlurryDensity / SLRho	Calc	Density of the Slurry (Liquid and Solid phase)
SolidConc	Calc	The solids concentration at stream temperature.
Density Correction
H2O(l).State	Data	This will be OK if all of the species with density correction functions in the Makeup Source conditions are within their mass fraction limits. Any species that has exceeded its mass fraction limit will be shown in this field. For example, if the user has a density correction function for NiSO4(aq) that is valid up to a mass fraction of 10% NiSO4 and the stream contains 15% NiSO4(aq), this field will contain: Limit:NiSO4(aq).
H2O(l).Rho	Calc	The density of pure water at the temperature and pressure of the Makeup Source.
H2O(l).CorrFactor	Calc	The calculated density correction factor using all the correction factors of aqueous species in the Makeup Source for which density correction factors have been defined. Please see Density Correction Function.
H2O(l).AppRho	Calc	The calculated density of the liquor with only water and the components that have density correction functions. Note: This value may be lower or higher than the actual liquid density if there are other liquid components in the Makeup Source that do not have density correction functions.
If the Additional Density Correction option is selected in the Plant Model - Species tab page or from the Include Properties dropdown list on the first page of the material Flow section, then the following fields will also be shown:
H2O(l).AppRho25	Calc	The calculated density of the liquor with only water and the components that have density correction functions, at 25°C.
H2O(l).AppQm	Calc	The calculated mass flow of the liquor with only water and the components that have density correction functions.
H2O(l).AppQv	Calc	The calculated volume flow of the liquor with only water and the components that have density correction functions.
H2O(l).Fct.X(y)	Calc	The calculated density correction factor for species X(y).
Mass Fractions
SolidFrac / Sf	Calc	Solids mass fraction
LiquidFrac / Lf	Calc	Liquid mass fraction
VapourFrac / Vf	Calc	Vapour mass fraction
SlurryFrac / SLf	Calc	Available from Build 139.31388. Slurry (solids + liquids) mass fraction.
Slurry.SolidFrac / Slurry.Sf	Calc	Solids mass fraction on slurry basis (solids + liquids)
Slurry.LiquidFrac / Slurry.Lf	Calc	Liquid mass fraction on slurry basis (solids + liquids)
Volume Fractions
SolidVolFrac / Svf	Calc	Solids volume fraction
LiquidVolFrac / Lvf	Calc	Liquid volume fraction
VapourVolFrac / Vvf	Calc	Vapour volume fraction
SlurryVolFrac / SLvf	Calc	Available from Build 139.31388. Slurry (solids + liquids) volume fraction.
Slurry.SolidVolFrac / Slurry.Svf	Calc	Available from Build 139.31388. Solids volume fraction on slurry basis (solids + liquids)
Slurry.LiquidVolFrac / Slurry.Lvf	Calc	Available from Build 139.31388. Liquid volume fraction on slurry basis (solids + liquids)
Molar Fractions
MlSolidFrac / MlSf	Calc	Solids molar fraction
MlLiquidFrac / MlLf	Calc	Liquid molar fraction
MlVapourFrac / MlVf	Calc	Vapour molar fraction
MlSlurryFrac / MlSLf	Calc	Available from Build 139.31388. Slurry (solids + liquids) molar fraction.
MoleWt	Calc	The average molecular weight of all the species.
SolidMoleWt / SMoleWt	Calc	Available from Build 139. The average molecular weight of all solid species.
LiquidMoleWt / LMoleWt	Calc	Available from Build 139. The average molecular weight of all liquid species.
VapourMoleWt / VMoleWt	Calc	Available from Build 139. The average molecular weight of all vapour species.
Content Energy These properties will only be shown if the user has chosen to display the Energy (Thermodynamic) Properties on the Plant Model - Views tab page or from the Include Properties dropdown list on the first page of the material Flow section.
Specific Heat
Cp@0	Calc	Cp of the total mixture in the Makeup Source @ 0 °C.
Cp / Cp@T	Calc	Cp of the total mixture in the Makeup Source @ temperature.
SmsCp@T	Calc	Solids Cp at the Makeup Source temperature
LmsCp@T	Calc	Liquid Cp at the Makeup Source temperature
VmsCp@T	Calc	Vapour Cp at the Makeup Source temperature
SLmsCp@T	Calc	Slurry Cp at the Makeup Source temperature
CpCv	Calc	The ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to specific heat at constant volume at the Makeup Source temperature.
Enthalpy - Sensible
Hs@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH, (excluding phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the total mixture.
SmsHs@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH, (excluding phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the solids.
LmsHs@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH, (excluding phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the Liquids.
VmsHs@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH, (excluding phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the vapours, or gases.
SLmsHs@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH, (excluding phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the combined solids and liquids.
Enthalpy - including Phase Change (Please see What is the difference between Hs and Hz?
Hz@T	Calc	The change in enthalpy, dH,(including phase change) from 0°C to Makeup Source temperature for the total mixture.
Total Enthalpy (previously heading was Enthalpy of Formation) Total Enthalpy = Heat of Formation at 25 + [math]\displaystyle{ \int\limits_{25}^{T}Cp dT\, }[/math]
Hf@0	Calc	Total Enthalpy for the mixture at 0°C and 101.325 kPa, per mass.
Hf@T	Calc	Total Enthalpy for the mixture at the Makeup Source temperature and pressure, per mass.
Entropy and Free Energy
S@0	Calc	Entropy for the total mixture at 0°C and 101.325 kPa.
S@T	Calc	Entropy for the total mixture at the Makeup Source temperature and pressure.
G@0	Calc	Gibbs Free Energy (mass basis) for the total mixture at 0°C and 101.325 kPa.
G@T	Calc	Gibbs Free Energy (mass basis) for the total mixture at the Makeup Source temperature and pressure.
mlG@T	Calc	Gibbs Free Energy (mole basis) for the total mixture at the Makeup Source temperature and pressure.
Values at User defined Temperature and Pressure Please see included properties - Values at User Defined T and P.
Solubility Values Please see included properties - Solubility.
Saturation Values These properties are related to the saturation temperature and pressure of solution. These fields are only visible if the Additional Properties option for Saturation values is selected in the Plant Model - Views tab page or from the Include Properties dropdown list on the first page of the material Flow section.
Saturation...
Component	List	Any component that has the correct Vp Equations defined in the species database maybe selected here. See VLE sub section for more information.
VapourFrac / Vf	Calc	Displays the vapour mass fraction.
TotalP	Calc	Displays the total pressure.
PartialP	Calc	Displays the partial pressure based on the component selected.
SatP@T	Calc	Saturated pressure at the mixture temperature.
SatT@PP	Calc	Saturated temperature at the mixture's partial pressure. Will be NAN (displayed as *) when no partial pressure.
SatT@P	Calc	Saturated temperature at the mixture pressure.
WaterSatT@P	Calc	Displays the Saturation Temperature at pressure based on pure water. This is used to calculate the Boiling point elevation. (Please see Water and Steam Properties for further information on this calculation)
BPE	Calc	Standard Species Model If the stream is using the Standard Species model then please see Boiling Point Elevation for more information on this calculation. The user may enter values for the van't Hoff constant for each aqueous species in the Species Database. The user may set the method of calculating the BPE in all streams containing the Standard Species model as either None or van't Hoff in the Plant Model - Standard Properties Model Options. Other Species Models, e.g. Bayer Streams containing other species models, such as the Alumina 3 Bayer Species Model, will always use the implemented BPE equation to calculate this value. The boiling point elevation is calculated as StreamSatT@P - ComponentSatT@P. The Solvent used for this calculation is water. Note: User can change the BPE value limits in the Plant Model - species tab.
Temperature / T	Calc	Temperature of the Makeup Source.
SuperHeat@PP	Calc	Super Heat at the mixture's partial pressure (T-SatT@PP). Will be NAN (displayed as *) when no partial pressure.
SuperHeat@P	Calc	Super Heat at the mixture's pressure (T-SatT@P).
Subcooling@P	Calc	The amount of Subcooling at the mixture's pressure (SatT@P-T).
LatHtVap	Calc	The Latent heat of vaporisation of the listed component at the temperature and partial pressure of the vaporising species at the local conditions. The latent heat is the difference in enthalpy between the vapour phase and the liquid phase of the species. This is calculated as Enthalpy(VapourPhase at local Temperature and Partial Pressure) - Enthalpy(Liquid Phase at T and Total Pressure). This is the enthalpy difference used in energy calculations. NB unless the partial pressure of the vaporising species is equal to the saturation pressure, the latent heat may not have exactly the same value as for saturation conditions since the vapour phase enthalpy depends on its partial pressure.
LatHtVap@SatP	Calc	The Latent heat of vaporisation of the listed component at the temperature and saturation pressure of the vaporising species corresponding to the local temperature. The latent heat is the difference in enthalpy between the vapour phase and the liquid phase of the species. This is calculated as Enthalpy(VapourPhase at Temperature, T and saturation pressure for that T, PSat(T)) - Enthalpy(Liquid Phase at T and Total Pressure). This is the latent heat that would be found in saturation tables for a given temperature.
RelHumidity	Calc	The relative humidity of the Makeup Source. This is only useful if the Makeup Source contains gases, such as O2, N2, Air, etc. Relative Humidity = Partial Pressure of the Saturation Component (usually H2O) / Saturation Pressure of the Saturation Component at Stream Temperature * 100 Please see the YouTube link for a video presentation on setting up a feeder with the required Relative Humidity.
Acidity (pH) These values are calculated based on the Ka and Kb values for acids and bases that are defined in the species database. It does not take buffering into account, and hence is, at best, an estimate of the pH. SysCAD does have default Ka and Kb values defined for some acids and bases, and the user may enter values for other compounds. For a description of the method that SysCAD uses to calculate the acidity values see Acidity Calculations. These values will only be shown if the user has chosen to display the pH_Estimate variables on the Plant Model - Views tab page or from the Include Properties dropdown list on the first page of the material Flow section.
Acidity(@25C)
pH.State	Calc	Either OK - only acids or bases present, OR Acid and Base present, therefore the calculations will be inaccurate.
pH.negLogH	Calc	This is the negative of the log of the Hydrogen ion molar concentration at 25°C.
pH.AcidsPresent	List	This lists all of the acids present in the Makeup Source that are used to calculate [H+] (molar concentration).
pH.BasesPresent	List	This lists all of the bases present in the Makeup Source that are used to calculate [OH-] (molar concentration).
pH.H_Cation	Calc	Only displayed if the species list includes H+(aq). This is the negative of the log of the Hydrogen ion molar concentration at 25 °C, due only to the presence of the H+(aq) ion (all other acids and bases are ignored).
Charge Please see included properties - Charge
Transport Properties Please see included properties - Transport
Heats of Combustion Properties Only available in Build 139 or later, please see included properties - Heats of Combustion.
Solution Impurities Please see included properties - Solution Impurities.
H2O Properties Please see included properties - H2O Properties

WQ Tab Page

Please see included properties - Water Quality.

DSp Tab Page

The DSp (default name) sections allow the user to specify the composition of the material from the source. The DSp page MUST be configured, unless the user selects the 'Composition Fetch' option from the first page.

Tag (Long/Short)	Option	Description
Content (Tag Display and Flow Basis)
SpeciesTag		The Species Long / short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names. See Species Long/short Example for more information.
SpBasis	All	The total mass or moles of the stream will be used when calculating fractional values.
	Phase	The mass or moles of each phase (solid, liquid or gas) will be used when calculating fractional values.
	Individual Phase	The mass or moles of each Individual phase (solid, liquid, aqueous, organic, gas, etc.) will be used when calculating fractional values.
Species View Options
Mass Frac	Mass Fraction of the species or phase.	The total flow rate delivered by the feeder will be based on the QmReqd configured on the first page. The total fractions will always add to 100%.
Mole Frac	Mole Fraction of the species or phase.	The total flow rate delivered by the feeder will be based on the QmReqd configured on the first page. The total fractions will always add to 100%.
============== Totals
Total	Calculated [c]	The total value for the chosen view. For fraction views, the total fractions will always add to 100%.
Solids	Input or Calculated [c]	This is the total for the solid phase occurrence.
Liquids	Input or Calculated [c]	This is the total for the liquid phase occurrence.
Vapours	Input or Calculated [c]	This is the total for the vapour phase occurrence.
Individual phase X	Input or Calculated [c]	If the Individual Phase basis is chosen, then additional fields will appear for the flow or fraction of each individual phase total. The individual phase is defined in the SysCAD database, see Species Definition
============== Phase / Individual Phase (Species layout is set in the cfg file.)
Species X	Input	User can enter the composition of each species for the chosen view.
Species Calculation X	Calculated [c]	Any user defined Species Calculations maybe visible here.
Example: We are given an ore analysis on a dry mass basis with a moisture content of 5% by mass. Use the MassFrac with SpBasis set to Phase. First enter 5% in the Liquids % field and 100%Liq for H2O(l), this is the input for the liquid phase. Now enter 95% in the Solids % field for the solids fraction. Then we enter the ore analysis; say 90%Sol for CaCO3(s) and 10%Sol for MgCO3(s).
Global Material View Options
ImageColumnCount	The default number of columns displayed on the DSp (Define Species Flow) tab is 2. However, the user may change the number of columns displayed by changing this value, the maximum is 4. This can also be changed on the Views Tab of the Plant Model, hot jump is provided by the next variable below.
ViewOptions	Use the magnifying glass hot jump to go to the Views Tab
FixUpStrategy	Only relevant if the Mass Frac or Mole Frac View options are chosen. Allows SysCAD to 'fix' the stream make up to 100% if the sum of the numbers entered is less than or greater than 100%.
	Largest	SysCAD will increase or decrease the fraction of the species with the largest unmodified fraction. If one of the phase options is chosen for the Basis, then the species adjusted will be the largest in that phase. If there is a tie for largest, then the bottom (last) in-use species in the list is selected. Exception: If all species in use are specified (i.e. all others are zero), then all species are scaled up proportionally. Note: If the fraction exceeds 100%, then several species may need to be adjusted from the largest down until the total adds to 100%.
	BottomUp	SysCAD will increase or decrease the fraction of the species which is at the bottom (last) of the list of species. If one of the phase options is chosen for the Basis, then the species adjusted will be the last in that phase. Note: If the fraction exceeds 100%, then several species may need to be adjusted from the bottom up until the total adds to 100%.

DLockup Tab Page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Lockup Quality Configuration - Create
DLockup...
Each lockup species (selected on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab) will have the following field:
LockUpReqd	Input	The fraction of the species that is 'locked up', or not available for reaction.

Please see Lockup - Creating Lockup for more information.

DTrack Tab Page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Material Tracking Set Options
SetMethod	None (Hide)	This method is only available if 'Modify' is chosen on the Qi or Content page. This will hide the configurable fields.
	Single Material	This method is used if all species are the same material. Select the Material from the drop down list.
	Material Fractions	This method is used if all species have the same mix of materials. Enter the fractions for each material. The fractions must add to 1. If the specified percentages add to less than 1 then the leftover is assumed to be 'Other' material. When 'Modify' is being used, a '*' may be entered to allow the feed fraction to be used (i.e. not modified).
	All Fractions	This method allows each species with material tracking to have a different mix of materials. As with the Material Fractions method, the user must enter the fractions for each material, but now for each species with material tracking in a table. The fractions for each species must add to 1. If the specified fractions add to less than 1 then the leftover is assumed to be 'Other' material. When 'Modify' is being used, a '*' may be entered to allow the feed fraction to be used (i.e. not modified).
	Redistribute Other (All)	This method is only available if 'Modify' is chosen on the Qi or Content page. This will redistribute the fraction of 'Other' material to the other fractions in line with their current fractions for all species.
	Redistribute Other	This method is only available if 'Modify' is chosen on the Qi or Content page. For each species selected, the fraction of 'Other' material will be redistributed to the other fractions in line with their current fractions. For example, if a species had 50% Red, 25% Green and 40% Other, this will be changed to 67% Red, 33% Green and 0% Other. If the species is 100% Other, then this will remain as Other.
SetWhen	This method is only available if 'Modify' is chosen on the Qi or Content page, or if 'Modify Content' is chosen on the Content page of a surge unit.
	Off	This option allows the user to keep their configuration while not actually modifying the quality.
	AtStart	This option is only available if 'Modify Content' is chosen. The modify will only be applied at the start of a run.
	Always	The modify will always be applied.
SetNow	Button	This button is only available if 'Modify Content' is chosen. This allows the Modify to be applied when pressed manually or when set via a General Controller (PGM).
Material	List	Only visible if SetMethod 'Single Material' is chosen. A list of all Materials as defined on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab.
Mat001.Rqd	Input	Only visible if SetMethod 'Material Fractions' is chosen. The required fraction of this material. There will be one of these fields for each material as defined on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab.
Other.Rqd	Calc	Only visible if SetMethod 'Material Fractions' is chosen. The fraction which is assumed to be 'Other' material. This will be 1-(sum of all defined material required fractions).
SpecieName	Tickbox	Only visible if SetMethod 'Redistribute Other' is chosen. This option determines whether the 'Other' material will be redistributed to the other materials for this species. There will be one of these fields for each species for which material tracking is enabled on the Plant Model - Qualities Tab.
AllowDirectSet	Tickbox	This allows the fractions on the Track tab page to be directly set for all species, similar to the way the mass of the contents may be directly changed on the 'M' (Mass) content tab page.

Please see Material Tracking - DTrack Data Sections for an explanation of the fields.

DSz Tab Page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Inputs
Distribution	Input / Display	If more than one Size Distribution has been defined for the project, then the user may select the required Size distribution in this field. If only a single Size Distribution is defined for the project, then this field displays the Size distribution.
Method	Rosin-Rammler	Mass fraction retained in each size interval is calculated using the Rosin-Rammler equation with two user-specified constants: a & b.
	Modified Rosin-Rammler	Mass fraction retained in each size interval is calculated using the Modified Rosin-Rammler equation with two user-specified constants: d50 and sharpness constant.
	Gaudin-Schuhmann	Mass fraction retained in each size interval is calculated using the Gaudin-Schuhmann equation with two user-specified constants: k & m.
	Lynch	Mass fraction retained in each size interval is calculated using the Lynch equation with two user-specified constants, d50 & m.
	LinearInterpolate	This method takes a user defined number of data points and interpolates to determine the size distribution across the full range of size intervals.
	DataPoints: Interval Fraction	With this method the user directly sets the mass fraction in each individual size interval.
SingleDefn	Tick Box	This is enabled when you are tracking size data independently for multiple solids species. When enabled the user can select this to set a single size distribution definition that applies to ALL solid species (rather then separate parameters for each solid).
The required inputs will depend on the Method chosen. The Size Distribution fields will either be display fields, or in the case of Data Entry they will be input fields. Please see Size Distribution Definition for the equations and description of these fields.
Display Options
View (Not visible for Data Entry methods)	Interval Fraction	The table will display the calculated mass fraction in each interval fraction.
	Cumulative Passing	The table will display the cumulative mass passing through each sieve size. In this case the top size will always display 100%.
	Cumulative Retained	The table will display the cumulative mass retained on each sieve size. In this case the top size will always display 0%.
Intervals		Clicking on this button will toggle between displaying the size intervals in Ascending or Descending order.
Size_Units	List	The user may select the display units, ie.e mm, um, etc., from a drop-down list.

Please see Size Distribution Definition for more information on the methods and constants used.

DSSA Tab Page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
SSA Quality
Method	Display	Independent - when no PSD present and calculated from SAM; or FromPSD - when calculated from full PSD.
SetData	Tickbox	Allows the user to set values for SAM or Diameter (D). This is set by selecting Create for SzSSA.Action .
SetDiam	Tickbox	Option when SetData is in use. Allows user to define SAM or D.
Solids	List	Solids Species that SSA calculations are based on. Result field if SSA solid component is set globally in PlantModel. Otherwise, allows the user to select the solid component to base the SSA calculations on. Note: The selected solid flowrate must be non-zero for the propagation of the following parameters to downstream unit operations.
Solids.Qm	Calc	The amount of selected SSA solids species (e.g.: Al[OH]₃) present.
SeedSurfaceAreaM / SAM	Input	Seed Surface Area, Mass basis (m²/g)
SeedSurfaceAreaL / SAL	Calc	Seed Surface Area, Volume basis (m²/L). That is total Liquid Volume basis at temperature.
#/s	Calc	Particle number per second.
#/L	Calc	Particle number per litre.
D / PartDiam	Input	Input when SetData is in use and SetDiam is selected. Particle diameter.

Please see DSSA Data Sections for more information.

Adding this Model to a Project

Add to Configuration File

Sort either by DLL or Group:

	DLL:	Basic1.dll	→	Units/Links	→	Process: Makeup Source
or	Group:	General	→	Units/Links	→	Process: Makeup Source

See Model Selection for more information on adding models to the configuration file.

Insert into Project Flowsheet

Insert Unit

→

Process

→

Makeup Source

See Insert Unit for general information on inserting units.

Hints and Comments

If you want to use makeups on several different flowsheets pointing to the same makeup source, then it is recommended that you put the makeup source on a separate flowsheet.
You can use composition fetch to update the composition makeup of the makeup source.
For example, you may want to update the Process Water Source composition to match that of the actual process water tank composition:
- Right click on the makeup source,
- On the Composition fetch section, change the settings as per the picture
- Set the Source to match the stream you would like to fetch from.

Example Project

Nickel Copper Project

Makeup Source

General Description

Video Links

Diagram

Inputs and Outputs

Data Sections

MakeUp Source Page

MakeupSource Operation Selection

Flow Requirements

Temperature & Pressure Requirements

Qualities

CF (Composition Fetch)

Options

Total Page

Results: Total Flow Conditions

Summary

Totals

Networks

Content Tab Page

Model

Content Properties

Content Energy

Values at User defined Temperature and Pressure

Solubility Values

Saturation Values

Acidity (pH)

Charge

Transport Properties

Heats of Combustion Properties

Solution Impurities

H2O Properties