PHREEQC Evaporator

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Latest SysCAD Version: 19 March 2024 - SysCAD 9.3 Build 139.35102

General Description

The Evaporator is used to 'flash' a feed stream to produce a liquid and vapour product at a set pressure or temperature. The unit may also have connections to an Embedded or External Heat Exchanger.

There are two operational modes for the Evaporator:

as a stand-alone unit; or
as part of a Flash Train.

The user sets the operational mode of the Evaporator. However, if the user sets the mode as Flash Train and the Evaporator is NOT connected to another Evaporator (Embedded Shell), Barometric Condenser, Heat Exchangers of any Flash Train aware destination unit, the model will go to an error state.

Diagram

The diagram shows default drawings of the Evaporator with connecting streams, with heat exchanger connections.
The Heat Exchanger connections are optional.
The user does not have to connect a stream to the 'Overflow' connection, as the Evaporator will operate without this connection.
The physical location of the streams connecting to the Evaporator is unimportant. The user may connect the streams to any position on the unit.
When inserting an Evaporator into a flowsheet, the user may choose a different symbol from the menu.

Crystallization

The Evaporator model may be used as a Crystallizer, as it behaves in the same way. Vapour is flashed off and the remaining solution is then supersaturated with the required species. This species then precipitates out as the crystal product.

If the PHREEQC model being used by the PHREEQC Evaporator has solubility data for the species, then the amount of species that precipitates will be automatically calculated. The solution properties will be calculated by PHREEQC and by the selected SysCAD species model.

At this time, PHREEQC evaporation models are suitable for water evaporation. This is because gases are treated as pure phases in the PHREEQC calculations. Only insoluble gases can be included in these models.

Heat Exchange Options

The user may select any of the following 3 options for heat exchange:

None - no Heat Exchange is required.
Embedded - The Embedded Heat Exchange model uses a Shell and Tube style heat exchanger. The user connects the Steam (or other cooling or heating medium) to the Embedded HX Shell connection and the Condensate (or return heat exchange medium) to the Embedded HX Shell. The recycle flow to the heat exchanger must to be specified, but this is handled internally within the unit.
External - External Heat Exchange models the use of external heat exchangers taking a recycle stream from the Evaporator contents and heating, or cooling, this recycle stream. The user must connect the Recycle stream from the Evaporator to an external heat exchanger. This recycle stream is either heated or cooled then returned to the Evaporator via the Recycle stream. The recycle flow to the heat exchanger must to be specified, and this is sent to the Recycle connection.

NOTES:

The difference between the two heat exchange methods:
- With Embedded heat exchange, the steam and condensate streams (or other heat exchange medium) are connected directly to Evaporator via the Embedded HX Shell connections. The Recycle stream to the heat exchanger is handled internally within the unit.
- With external heat exchange, the recycle stream is sent to an external heat exchanger via the Recycle output connection and returned to the Evaporator via the Recycle input connection.
For both Embedded and external heat exchange the user must set the recycle flow to the heat exchanger.

Inputs and Outputs

Label	Required Optional	Input Output	Number of Connections		Description
Label	Required Optional	Input Output	Min	Max	Description
Feed	1 Required	In	1	20	Feed to the Evaporator.
Embedded HX Shell	Optional	In	0	10	Inlet stream to the Shell side of internal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (often the steam inlet).
Recycle	Optional	In	0	1	Recycle stream from an external Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger to the Evaporator.
Product	Required	Out	1	1	Product Slurry outlet - this stream normally contains the majority of the solids.
Vapour	Required	Out	1	1	Vapour (vent) outlet containing all Vapours from the unit.
Overflow	Optional	Out	0	1	Overflow liquor outlet.
Embedded HX Shell	Optional	Out	0	1	Outlet stream from the Shell side of internal Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger (often the condensate).
Recycle	Optional	Out	0	1	Recycle stream from the Evaporator to an external Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.

Behaviour when Model is OFF

If the user disables the unit, by un-ticking the On tick box, then the following actions occur:

All material in streams connected to the 'Feed' and 'Recycle' inlets will flow straight out of the 'Product' outlet, with no change in phase or energy exchange with material flowing through the internal heat exchanger;
All material in streams connected to the 'Embedded HX Shell' connections will have no change in phase or energy exchange with material flowing through the Evaporator;
No sub-models will be called.

So basically, the unit will be 'bypassed' without the user having to change any connections.

Model Theory

Vapour Liquid Equilibrium

The unit is configured to achieve vapour : liquid equilibrium at a required pressure (or temperature) using the user defined VLE method. Any solids that may be in the stream entering the unit are ignored in the flash calculations. However the enthalpy balance does include the solids. For further information on the theory for the VLE calculations see Vapour Liquid Equilibrium (VLE).

Pressure used for Evaluation Block Calculations

For an Evaporator in the Stand Alone mode the calculations, including the PHREEQC Calculations may be performed at either:

The Feed pressure; or
The final pressure; or
The pressure into the Body of the Evaporator if the user has chosen Final Temperature as the mode.

The user enables the 'UseFeedP' tickbox on the first tab of the Evaporator to use the Feed pressure.

Using the Feed or other pressure may produce small differences in the final results from the Evaporator.

PHREEQC

The PHREEQC Evaporator Model uses the PHREEQC algorithms and data to determine the status of the aqueous solution.

Mapping of the SysCAD to PHREEQC streams is done via Species Mapping.

The PHREEQC Evaporator can be incorporated into a SysCAD flowsheet, it can be connected with SysCAD inlet and outlet streams.

User connects the PHREEQC Evaporator with SysCAD input streams,
The SysCAD feed stream(s) using SysCAD species is converted into PHREEQC "Input" using PHREEQC Species. The species mapping is defined in the corresponding PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model.
The PHREEQC Evaporator calls the PHREEQC algorithms to determine the status of the mixture using the converted PHREEQC "input" data.
The PHREEQC results are displayed in the "output" tab using PHREEQC species.
The results are converted back into SysCAD species. Please see Species Mapping for more information.

NOTES:

The Input, Output and Diff tab pages are displayed using PHREEQC species, as defined in the PHREEQC database file (.dat) specified in the corresponding PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model.
The species used in the SysCAD project are shown on the optional Sp pages, shown as part of the QFeed, QBypass, QUnmapped, QRxnProdBypass and QProd pages.
The calculations performed are similar to using PHREEQC directly, except the contents of the SysCAD stream are mapped to equivalent PHREEQC species using the settings defined in the PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model. Please see https://www.usgs.gov/software/phreeqc-version-3 for more information.

Calculation of Osmotic Pressure

PHREEQC calculates the activity of water, which is then used to calculate the osmotic pressure by the Van't Hoff formula. The Van't Hoff formula is:

[math]\displaystyle{ \Pi=-\frac{RT}{\overline{V}}ln(a_w) }[/math]

where [math]\displaystyle{ \Pi }[/math] is the osmotic pressure, [math]\displaystyle{ \overline{V} }[/math] is the partial molar volume of water (ideal), and [math]\displaystyle{ a_w }[/math] is the activity of water (mole fraction basis).

WorkFlow

The suggested workflow for configuring the model is:

Make sure the project contains at least one of the PHREEQC Model Configuration model, and the model is loaded with the correct PHREEQC database you would like to use for the PHREEQC Evaporator model.
On the PHREEQCEvaporator tab page, configure the model - methods, pressures, etc.
On the TCE tab page, select the correct ChemModel (to match step 1) (Note: In older builds, this selection was made on the PHREEQCEvaporator tab page).
Select other TCE options (Bypass, CFE, etc.)
Perform an equilibrium calculation by pressing Solve in SysCAD.
The Results are displayed in the PHREEQCResults and Output tabs.
Check and fix any species mapping issues. (PHREEQC resulting species may change if the operating conditions change, so it is likely a change of temperature or feed composition will result in different PHREEQC species.)

Flow Chart

Data Sections

The tabs and variable names are described in detail in the following tables.

PHREEQCEvaporator tab - The first tab contains general information relating to the unit and allows the user to set the Heat Exchange type and flows.
TCE tab - This tab allows the user to choose the corresponding PHREEQC Model Configuration unit and set other TCE options.
Results - This tab contains the results fields for the Evaporator.
HX - Optional tab, only visible if an Internal Heat Exchanger is selected. (In this case the Internal HX connections should be connected).
Separ - Only visible if the Overflow stream is connected. The tab allows the user to specify the split between the Product and Overflow streams.
VLE - Always on.
CFE - Optional tab, only visible if the UseCFE option is enabled on the TCE tab page.
Bypass - Always on, with H2O(g) bypassed.
RxnBypass - Always shown.
PHREEQCResults tab - This tab displays the key results of the calculations.
Input tab - This tab displays a summary of the mapped Input stream as PHREEQC species.
Output tab - This tab displays the Output stream results including the amounts of each PHREEQC species present in the final mixture.
Diff tab - Optional tab, only visible if the ShowRxnDiff option is enabled on the TCE tab page. This tab displays the amounts of each species which are formed or reacted as part of the calculations.
Scaling tab - Optional tab, only visible if the ShowScaling option is enabled on the TCE tab.
ElemBal tab - This tab displays an elemental balance between the Input and Output streams.
PhDeport tab - Optional tab, only visible if the PhaseElemDeportment option is enabled on the TCEtab page. This tab shows the movement of elements for the Solid, Liquid and Gas phases.
IPhDeport tab - Optional tab, only visible if the IPhaseElemDeportment option is enabled on the TCE tab page. This tab shows the movement of elements for the individual PHREEQC phases.
UnitTag.ParamSweep tab - Optional tab, only visible if the ShowPlotter option is enabled on the TCE tab page. This tab allows the user to generate sets of data.
SpForPlot tab - Optional tab, only visible if the SelectSp option is enabled on the UnitTag.ParamSweep tab. This tab allows the user to select which species to be reported in the sets of data to be generated.
QUnmapped - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQUnmapped is enabled on the TCE tab page.
QRxnUnmapped - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQRxnUnmapped is enabled on the TCE tab page.
QBypass - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQBypass is enabled on the TCE tab page.
QRxnBypass - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQRxnBypass is enabled on the TCE tab page.
QFeed - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQFeed is enabled on the first tab page. This page shows the properties of the mixed stream as the feed to the Evaporator.
QBodyFeed - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQBodyFeed is enabled on the first tab page. This page shows the properties of the mixed stream as the feed to the Body of the Evaporator.
QRecycle - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQRecycle is enabled on the first tab page. This page shows the properties of the recycle stream.
QProd - Optional tab, only visible if ShowQProd is enabled on the first tab page. This page shows the properties of the Evaporator discharge as a single stream.
Info tab - contains general settings for the unit and allows the user to include documentation about the unit and create Hyperlinks to external documents.
Links tab, contains a summary table for all the input and output streams.
Audit tab - contains summary information required for Mass and Energy balance. See Model Examples for enthalpy calculation Examples.

PHREEQCEvaporator tab page

Unit Type: PHREEQCEvaporator - The first tab page in the access window will have this name.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Tag	Display	This name tag may be modified with the change tag option.
Condition	Display	OK if no errors/warnings, otherwise lists errors/warnings.
ConditionCount	Display	The current number of errors/warnings. If condition is OK, returns 0.
GeneralDescription / GenDesc	Display	This is an automatically generated description for the unit. If the user has entered text in the 'EqpDesc' field on the Info tab (see below), this will be displayed here. If this field is blank, then SysCAD will display the UnitType or SubClass.
Requirements
On	Tickbox	This variable in used to turn the unit ON or OFF. If this not ticked, the material will flow out of the Product outlet with no change in state, i.e. the unit acts as a pipe.
Mode	Stand Alone (Manual)	The Evaporator will act as a 'Stand Alone' unit and the user may set the required operating Pressure or Temperature.
Mode	Flash Train	The Evaporator will act as part of a Flash Train. In this mode the Evaporator vent must be connected to a steam consumer, such as a Barometric Condenser, Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger, Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger 2 or a Direct Contact Heater. The steam requirements of the steam consumer will drive the operating pressure of the Evaporator, therefore the user may NOT set the operating temperature or pressure.
OperatingP The user may only set the operating pressure or temperature of the PHREEQC Evaporator if it is NOT part of a Flash Train.
Method	Atmospheric	This method is only available if 'Stand Alone' Mode is chosen. All flash calculations will be done at Atmospheric Pressure. The atmospheric pressure is calculated by SysCAD based on the user defined elevation (default elevation is at sea level = 101.325 kPa). The elevation can be changed on the Environment tab page of the Plant Model.
	RequiredP	This method is only available if 'Stand Alone' Mode is chosen. All flash calculations will be done at the user specified pressure (and saturated temperature @ P).
	RequiredT	This method is only available if 'Stand Alone' Mode is chosen. All flash calculations will be done at the user specified temperature (and saturated pressure @ T).
	Saturated	'The OperatingP - Method will be set to Saturated if 'Flash Train' Mode is chosen. All flash calculations will be done at the saturated pressure.
PressureReqd / P_Reqd	Input	This field is only visible if the RequiredP method is chosen. This is user specified flash pressure.
TemperatureReqd / T_Reqd	Input	This field is only visible if the RequiredT method is chosen. This is user specified flash temperature.
Result	Calc	The actual pressure used for the sum of the feeds which will also be the outlet pressure (unless further model options change the pressure).
MinFlashP	Input	This is only visible when 'Flash Train' Mode is chosen. The Minimum Flash Pressure.
UseFeedP	Tickbox	This is only visible if the mode = Stand Alone. If this field is enabled then all of the Evaluation Block calculations will be performed at the Feed pressure. Otherwise, if it is not enabled, the calculations will be performed at the final pressure. See also Model Theory.
Vapour Entrainment
FlashVapToLiquid	Input	This field allows the user to set a proportion of the flash vapour bypassing to the liquid stream. The default is 0%.
OtherGasToLiquid	Input	This field allows the user to set a proportion of any non-condensable gas bypassing to the liquid stream. The default is 0%.
Evaporator Heat Exchanger Options
HXType	None	The unit is not connected to a Heat Exchanger. No other fields are visible for the Heat Exchanger if this option is chosen.
	External	The Evaporator is connected to an External Heat Exchanger unit. This external unit may be any type of SysCAD model.
	Embedded Heater	The Evaporator contains an Embedded Heater. If this option is chosen, an additional page HX becomes visible and the user configures the Heat Exchanger within the Evaporator.
	Embedded Cooler	The Evaporator contains an Embedded Cooler. If this option is chosen, an additional page HX becomes visible and the user configures the Heat Exchanger within the Evaporator.
Hx.NumOfHeaters	Input	Only visible if HXType=Embedded Heater. The number of heaters.
HXOut.SplitMethod	Off	No flow is sent to the Heat Exchanger.
	Ratio to Feed MassFlow	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is a Ratio of the Feed mass. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Combined Feed to the Evaluation Block.
	Ratio to Prod MassFlow	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is a Ratio of the Product mass. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Product from the Evaluation Block. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
	MassFlow	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is a fixed mass flow. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Product from the Evaluation Block. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
	VolumeFlow	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is a fixed volumetric flow. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Product from the Evaluation Block. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
	MassFlow Per Heater	This option can be used for the Embedded Heater option, where user can define the number heaters used. The flow to each Embedded Heater is mass based. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Product from the Evaluation Block. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
	VolumeFlow Per Heater	This option can be used for the Embedded Heater option, where user can define the number heaters used. The flow to each Embedded Heater is volume based. The composition and temperature of the stream to the Heat Exchanger is the same as the Product from the Evaluation Block. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
HXOut.RatioToFeedQm	Input	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is Feed Flow times by Ratio.
HXOut.RatioToProdQm	Input	The flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) is Product Flow times by Ratio. Note: The Product mass includes both the Overflow and the Product streams.
HXOut.MassFlowReqd / QmReqd	Input	The required Product mass flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External).
HXOut.VolumeFlowReqd / QvReqd	Input	The required Product volumetric flow to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External).
HXOut.EachHeaterQmReqd	Input	The required Product mass flow to the each Heater (Embedded Heater method only).
HXOut.EachHeaterQvReqd	Input	The required Product volumetric flow to the each Heater (Embedded Heater method only).
HXOut.SolidFracMethod	No Solids	No solids are sent to the Heat Exchanger.
	Mixture Solids	The feed to the Heat Exchanger (either Embedded or External) will contain the same amount of solids (if any) as the relevant stream (Combined Feed to or Product from the Evaluation Block).
	Solids Fraction	The user can specify the fraction of solids in the feed to the Heat Exchanger.
HXOut.SolidFracReqd	Input	The required solids fraction in the feed to the Heat Exchanger.
Options
VapStandardSpModel	Tickbox	This forces the vent stream to revert to the Standard species model. If this is NOT ticked, then the species model in the vent will be the same as the species model used in the Evaporator. Normally this is left ticked, as the vent contains steam and the Standard species model will calculate all of the properties of steam correctly.
ShowQFeed	Tick Box	QFeed and associated tab pages (e.g. Qm) will become visible if this is enabled. These tabs will show the properties of the combined feed stream to the Unit. These values are BEFORE the Evaluation Block is processed.
ShowQBodyFeed	Tick Box	QBodyFeed and associated tab pages (e.g. Qm) will become visible if this is enabled. These tabs will show the properties of the feed to the Evaporator Body.
ShowQRecycle	Tickbox	This is only visible if an Embedded Heat Exchanger is used. If this option is ticked then the recycle stream to the Heat Exchanger is displayed as 'QRecycle' and the user may access properties of the stream feeding the Heat Exchanger.
ShowQProd	Tick Box	QProd and associated tab pages (e.g. Qm) will become visible if this is enabled. These tabs will show the properties of the product stream from the Unit, AFTER the Evaluation Block is processed, but BEFORE the stream is split to overflow and product.

TCE tab page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
This program contains PHREEQC Copyright U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
Chemistry Model
ChemModel...
UnitTag	List	The tag of the relevant PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model- this may be chosen from the drop down list of all PHREEQC Model Configuration unit models available in the project.
ModelCfgTagUsed/ModelCfgTag	Display	The tag of the relevant PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model.
Check		If the user clicks on this button, SysCAD will check that the UnitTag is a valid PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model.
ConnOK	Tickbox	If SysCAD finds a valid PHREEQC Model Configuration unit model, then this field will be enabled.
Status	OK	The specified chemistry model (PHREEQC Model Configuration) has been initialised correctly and the database file has been found and loaded correctly.
	ChemModel Tag not Specified	No tag has been specified for the Chemistry Model. Specify the desired Chemistry Model (PHREEQC Model Configuration) in the UnitTag field.
	Valid ChemModel Tag Required	The tag specified for the Chemistry Model in the UnitTag field is invalid and needs to be corrected.
	Init Required	The specified Chemistry Model (PHREEQC Model Configuration) needs to be initialised.
	ChemModel Load Required	The database of the specified Chemistry Model ((PHREEQC Model Configuration) needs to be loaded.
	DLL or Version Error	There is a problem with the PHREEQC DLL or version.
	Init Failed	Initialisation of the specified Chemistry Model ((PHREEQC Model Configuration) has been attempted but failed.
Calc.Status	Idle
Calc.Status	Calculating
Select actions if species unmapped
FwdSpMap.UnmappedAction	Stop Solver	Any unmapped SysCAD species will cause the solver to stop, user will need to fix the species mapping before solving again.
FwdSpMap.UnmappedAction	Bypass	Any unmapped SysCAD species will be bypassed, i.e. will not be present in the PHREEQC input
RevSpMap.UnmappedAction	Make Inactive	Any unmapped SysCAD species will cause the model to be inactive.
	Stop Solver	Any unmapped SysCAD species will cause the solver to stop, user will need to fix the species mapping before solving again.
	Allow Solve	Any unmapped SysCAD species will be ignored. Model will solve but will have a mass balance error.
ActionOnError	Continue	The model will continue solving if the PHREEQC calculation fails.
	Pause	The model will pause solving if the PHREEQC calculation fails.
	Stop	The model will stop solving if the PHREEQC calculation fails.
Requirements
Model	None (Off)	No calculations will be performed and input=output.
	Side Calc	The results from the PHREEQC calculation will be displayed but will not be applied to the output stream (input composition = output composition). This is similar to using the PHREEQC Side Calc Model.
	Reactor	The results from the PHREEQC calculation will be applied to the output stream, potentially affecting the composition and temperature/enthalpy of the stream.
UseSysCADVLE / VLE.On	Tickbox	Only visible if Model = Reactor. Allows user to switch on SysCAD VLE calculations. If ticked, then VLE tab will appear. If the VLE selection is not available, this tick box will be greyed out.
VLEModel	Display	Displays the VLE model used.
UseCFE	Tickbox	If this is ticked, then the CFE (Constrained Free Energy) tab page will appear. If CFE is not available, this tick box will be greyed out. This option allows a portion of a species to be locked up and not allowed to react. Applying CFE can have a significant effect on the final composition, use of this feature requires detailed knowledge of the process chemistry.
WithBypass	Tickbox	If this is ticked, then the Bypass tab page will appear.
PHREEQC Environmental Heat Transfer
PHREEQC.HeatLossMethod	None	No heat transfer between the unit and the environment.
	Fixed HeatFlow	The user specifies a fixed heat loss between the unit and the environment.
	Ambient	SysCAD calculates the overall heat loss based on user specified HTC and Area and the temperature difference between the Feed and environmental temperatures. The environmental temperature is assumed to remain constant.
PHREEQC.EHX.HeatLossReqd	Input	Visible when the HeatLossMethod = Fixed HeatFlow. The required heat loss.
PHREEQC.EHX.HTC	Input	Visible when the HeatLossMethod = Ambient. The Overall Heat Transfer coefficient.
PHREEQC.EHX.Area	Input	Visible when the HeatLossMethod = Ambient. The Heat Transfer area.
PHREEQC.EHX.AmbientT	Display	Visible when the HeatLossMethod = Ambient. The ambient temperature. The ambient temperature is specified in the Plant Model - Environment_Tab
PHREEQC.EHX.HeatLoss	Calc	Visible when the HeatLossMethod = Ambient. The calculated heat flowrate.
Options
ShowQUnmapped	Tickbox	Allows the user to view the QUnmapped and associated tab pages. See Material Flow Section. This is the SysCAD species flows which are not mapped to PHREEQC species, and therefore are not taken into account in the PHREEQC calculation.
ShowQRxnUnmapped	Tickbox	Allows the user to view the QRExnUnmapped and associated tab pages. See Material Flow Section.
ShowQBypass	Tickbox	Only visible when WithBypass is ticked. Allows the user to view the QBypass and associated tab pages. See Material Flow Section. This is the SysCAD species flows which bypass the PHREEQC calculation.
ShowQRxnBypass	Tickbox	Only visible when WithBypass is ticked. Allows the user to view the QRxnBypass and associated tab pages. See Material Flow Section.
ShowRxnDiff	Tickbox	Allows the user to view the Diff tab page. This shows the difference between the mapped input stream seen by PHREEQC and the PHREEQC calculation results.
ShowScaling	Tickbox	Available from Build 139.34985. Allows the user to view the Scaling tab page.
PhaseElemDeportment	Tickbox	If this is ticked, then the PhDeport tab page will appear. This tab shows the mass movement of elements for the Solid, Liquid and Gas phases.
IPhaseElemDeportment	Tickbox	If this is ticked, then the IPhDeport tab page will appear. This shows how the elements move between phases due to the PHREEQC calculation results.
ShowPlotter	Tickbox	This option is only visible if this model has been successfully run. Allows the user to perform a parameter sweep using the product stream of the side calculator. If this is ticked, then the ParamSweep tab page will appear.
PHREEQCInput		When this button is pressed, user can select to copy the Feed or Product information to clipboard.

Results Page

The page contains the results and the user may enable the Heat Exchanger function and set the type of Heat Exchanger (Internal or External) and the flow to the Heat Exchanger.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Operating Conditions
TemperatureIn / Ti	Calc	The temperature of the combined Feed stream to the Evaporator.
PressureIn / Pi	Calc	The pressure of the combined Feed stream to the Evaporator.
VapFlashed.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The quantity of flashed vapour.
LiqChange.MassFlow / Qm	Calc
BPE	Calc	The Boiling Point Elevation used in the Flash calculations in the Evaporator.
FlashT	Calc	The final temperature (the Flash Temperature) in the Evaporator.
FlashP	Calc	The final pressure (the Flash Pressure) in the Evaporator.
Flash Train Macro Model These extra fields are only visible if the unit is part of a Flash Train.
VapourMassFlow / VQm	Calc	The mass flow of flashed vapour.
PressureReqd / P_Reqd	Calc	The required flash pressure calculated by the Flash Train.
TotalPressChange / TotaldP	Calc	The total pressure change calculated by the Flash Train.
FeedSatP	Calc	The saturation pressure of the feed.
FlashTrain	Display	A unique tag assigned to the flash train by SysCAD. Each unit in the flash train will have the same tag in this block.
FlashTearBlock	Display	Displays the name of the tear block that is part of the Flash Train.
FlashTrainEqp	List	This contains a list of all of the equipment tags in this flash train. the list might be as follows: FT_EVAPORATOR_2_HX FT_EVAPORATOR_1_Evap
PAdvBase	Input	Additional damping or acceleration for calculated pressure change (DP) for the iteration. DP = DP * PAdvBase when PAdvExtra=0.
PAdvExtra	Input	Additional damping or acceleration for calculated pressure change (DP) for the iteration. DP = DP * (PAdvBase + PAdvExtra*(VQmReqd-VQm)/Max(VQmReqd,VQm)).
Summary of input and output streams The following tags are shown for Feed, Vapour, Overflow (OF) (if connected) and Product (Prod) streams:
Temperature / T	Display	The temperature of the stream.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The Mass flowrate of the stream.
SolidMassFlow / SQm	Display	The solids Mass Flow of the stream.
SolidFrac / Sf	Display	The solids Mass fraction of the stream.
Results
BFeed.Temperature / T	Calc	The temperature of the Feed to the Evaporator evaluation block.
BFeed.Pressure / P	Calc	The Pressure used in the calculations in the Evaporator evaluation block. If the user has ticked the 'UseFeedP' then this will be the feed pressure to the Evaporator.
BFeed.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The mass flow of Feed to the Evaporator evaluation block.
BFeed.SolidMassFlow / SQm	Calc	The mass flow of solids in the Feed to the Evaporator evaluation block.
BFeed.SolidFrac / Sf	Calc	The mass fraction of solids in the Feed to the Evaporator evaluation block.
Body.SolidsYield	Calc	(Mass flow of solids in the Product) - (Mass flow of solids in the Feed)
SolidsYield	Calc	(Mass flow of solids in the Product) - (Mass flow of solids in the Feed)
Evaporator to External Heat Exchanger / Embedded Heater / Embedded Cooler These extra fields are only visible if one of the Heat Exchanger options has been chosen on the first tab page.
HXOut.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The mass flow to the specified Heat Exchanger.
HXOut.EachHeaterQm	Calc	Only visible if Embedded Heater or Embedded Cooler option is chosen. The mass flow to each Heater/Cooler.
HXOut.VolFlow / Qv	Calc	The volume flow to the specified Heat Exchanger.
HXOut.EachHeaterQv	Calc	Only visible if Embedded Heater or Embedded Cooler option is chosen. The volume flow to each Heater/Cooler.
HXOut.SolidFrac / Sf	Calc	The mass fraction of solids in the Feed to the specified Heat Exchanger.
HXOut.Temperature / T	Calc	The temperature of the stream to the specified Heat Exchanger.
Embedded Heater Recycle Loop convergence These extra fields are only visible if one of the Embedded Heat Exchanger options has been chosen on the first tab page.
RecycleConvergeMethod	FullStream	User can select to solve the recycle loop using Full stream data (loop has to solve and converge all mass and energy terms.)
	Stream Mass Only	User can select to solve the recycle loop using mass only. Loop will be solved when mass is converged, ignoring energy.
	Duty	User can select to solve the recycle loop using energy only. Duty from "shell" side of heat exchanger is added directly to the feed (recycle mass flow is not actually added). Loop will be solved when duty is matched, ignoring mass balance.
MaxIterations / MaxIter (Global)	Input	The maximum number of iterations allowed within the recycle solver loop. Only shown for Stream Recycle Converge Methods.
IterSteps	Calc	The number of iteration used in the current step to solve the recycle loop. Only shown for Stream Recycle Converge Methods.
IterLastStep	Calc	The number of iteration used in the last step to solve the recycle loop. Only shown for Stream Recycle Converge Methods.
IterMaxInAStep	Calc	The maximum number of iterations (in a step) used to solve the recycle loop. Only shown for Stream Recycle Converge Methods.
IterTotal	Calc	The total number of iterations used to solve the recycle loop. Only shown for Stream Recycle Converge Methods.
FeedMaxDuty	Calc	The maximum amount of Duty that can be added to feed before temperature exceeds water critical temperature. Only shown for Duty Recycle Converge Method.
IterDuty	Calc	The number of iterations to apply duty and flash. When this is greater then 1 then the Duty from the condensing steam is applied in iterations, the values displayed on the VLE page reflect this. Only shown for Duty Recycle Converge Method.

HX Page

HX - Optional tab, only visible if an Internal Heat Exchanger is selected. (In this case the Internal HX connections should be connected).

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Heater / Cooler Requirements
On	Tick Box	Switches the Embedded Heat Exchanger on/off
NumofHeaters	Input	Specifies the number of embedded heat exchangers in the evaporator.
Type	Fixed Heat Flow	This will exchange a fixed amount of heat between two streams. No phase change will take place automatically.
	Sensible	This will allow sensible heat exchange between two streams. No phase change will take place. (not currently implemented)
	Condensing	Only visible when Embedded Heater is used. This is used to condense the steam. Steam must be connected to Embedded HX Shell (inlet).
	Evaporating	Only visible when Embedded Cooler is used. This is used to evaporate the water. Water (or another component with Predefined Flashing Data) must be connected to Embedded HX Shell (inlet).
DutyReqd	Input	Only visible when Fixed Heat Flow method is used. The required fixed heat flow to be exchanged between the two streams.
CondensingMethod (Only visible when Type = Condensing)	All	The Steam addition is manually specified by the user. All steam will condense.
	All (Calc Demand)	The steam demand is calculated based on the user specified Heater HTC and Area (UA). User needs to set the steam flow based on the calculated amount.
	All-Demand General	The steam supply comes from (directly or indirectly) a Feeder with Demand.on selected.
	All-Demand Flashtrain	The steam supply comes from another process unit in Flash train mode (usually the vapour from the preceding evaporation stage)
EvaporatingMethod (Only visible when Type = Evaporating)	All	The component defined on the VLE Tab will fully evaporate.
	All (Calc Demand)	The demand is calculated based on the user specified Cooler HTC and Area (UA). User needs to set the flow based on the calculated amount.
	All-Demand General	The flow supply comes from (directly or indirectly) a Feeder with Demand.on selected.
UseOldDemandCalc	Tickbox	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. Allows users to continue to use old demand calculations for backward compatibility. It is recommended to leave this unticked.
HTC	Input	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. The user specified Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC).
Area	Input	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. The user specified heat transfer area per heat exchanger.
Heater / Cooler Results
Duty	Calc	The calculated Heat Exchanger Duty
TotalArea	Calc	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. The total Area used (HX Area * number of HX).
UA	Calc	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. The heat exchanger UA.
LMTD	Calc	The calculated log mean temperature difference.
TheoreticalDuty / TheorDuty	Calc	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. The theoretical duty of the heat exchanger.
HeatFlow	Calc	The net heat flow to the unit. This should be zero as heat is merely exchanged (no external energy is added or removed).
Calculated Vapour/Liquid Flow Demand This group of tags is only visible when one of the demand methods is chosen.
DemandFlow.Reqd	Calc	The calculated demand flow to meet the Heat Exchanger requirements. When the HX is not in Demand General or Demand FlashTrain mode, use a General controller or SetTag Controller to get this value to set the Embedded HX Shell (in) flowrate.
DemandFlow.Actual	Calc	The actual demand flow to Heater Exchanger .
DemandFlow.Error	Calc	The difference between the required and actual vapour/liquid flows, (DemandFlow.Reqd - DemandFlow.Actual). This will warn the user if the amount of flow supplied doesn't match the heat exchanger requirements. Most common when the heater is not in Demand General or Demand FlashTrain mode and the steam flow is not controlled.
DemandFlow.RelErr	Calc	The relative difference between the required and actual vapour/liquid flows, (DemandFlow.Reqd - DemandFlow.Actual)/DemandFlow.Reqd.
Tube Side (Recycle Stream)
Tube.TemperatureIn / Ti	Calc	Tube in temperature.
Tube.TemperatureOut / To	Calc	Tube out temperature.
Tube.PressureIn / Pi	Calc	Tube in pressure.
Tube.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The mass flowrate going through the tube side.
Shell Side (Condensing / Evaporating)
Shell.TemperatureIn / Ti	Calc	Shell in temperature.
Shell.TemperatureOut / To	Calc	Shell out temperature.
Shell.PressureIn / Pi	Calc	Shell in pressure.
Shell.MassFlow / Qm	Calc	The mass flowrate going through the Shell side.
Shell.DmdQm	Calc	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. This is the amount of steam needed from connected flash train units (flash tank or steam feeders), not including any fixed amount of steam input.
Shell.FxdQm	Calc	Visible with method set to any of the demand methods. This is the amount of steam added in manually, thus not from connected flash train units. Note this portion of steam addition is not included in the pressure calculation of the flash train group.
Flash Train Macro Model Note: Extra fields are visible if the unit is part of a Flash Train. These fields are described below. Please refer to Flash Train.
VapourMassFlowReqd / VQmReqd	Calc	The calculated mass flow of steam required by the Embedded Heater Condenser.
CondMassFlow / CondQm	Calc	The amount of steam condensed by the Embedded Heater Condenser.
MinSatPress	Calc	The minimum saturated pressure of steam that could satisfy the heating requirements of the Embedded Heater Condenser.
FlashTrain	Display	A unique tag assigned to the flash train by SysCAD. Each unit in the flash train will have the same tag in this block.
FlashTearBlock	Display	Displays the name of the tear block that is part of the Flash Train.
FlashTrainEqp	List	This contains a list of all of the equipment tags in this flash train. the list might be as follows: FT_EVAPORATOR_2_HX FT_EVAPORATOR_3_Evap
PAdvBase	Input	Additional damping or acceleration for calculated pressure change (DP) for the iteration. DP = DP * PAdvBase when PAdvExtra=0.
PAdvExtra	Input	Additional damping or acceleration for calculated pressure change (DP) for the iteration. DP = DP * (PAdvBase + PAdvExtra*(VQmReqd-VQm)/Max(VQmReqd,VQm)).

Separ Page

The page allows the user to specify the split between the Underflow and Overflow streams.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Requirements
SplitMethod	Mass Fraction	The users may specify the mass fraction split between the Underflow and Overflow streams.
	Mass Flow	The user may specify the mass flow to either the Underflow or Overflow stream - either as total flow or on a phase basis.
	Volume Fraction	The users may specify the volumetric fraction split between the Underflow and Overflow streams.
	Volume Flow	The user may specify the Volume flow to either the Underflow or Overflow stream - either as total flow or on a phase basis.
	Solid Separation	The user may specify the solid split between the Underflow and Overflow streams.
Each of the above Split Methods will be described separately below:
Mass Fraction With this method the user can specify the mass fraction to either the Underflow or the Overflow on a total or by phase basis.
SplitTo	Underflow	The user specifies the mass fraction split to the Underflow stream.
SplitTo	Overflow	The user specifies the mass fraction split to the Overflow stream.
SplitBy	Total	The user specifies the total mass fraction split to the defined stream.
SplitBy	Phase	The user specifies the solid and liquid mass fraction splits to the defined stream.
FracToUF or FracToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Total. The user sets the total mass fraction split to the defined stream.
SolidsToUF or SolidsToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the solid mass fraction split to the defined stream.
LiquidsToUF or LiquidsToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the liquid mass fraction split to the defined stream.
Mass Flow With this method the user can specify the mass flow to either the Underflow or the Overflow on a total or by phase basis.
SplitTo	Underflow	The user specifies the mass flow to the Underflow stream.
SplitTo	Overflow	The user specifies the mass flow to the Overflow stream.
SplitBy	Total	The user specifies the total mass flow to the defined stream.
SplitBy	Phase	The user specifies the solid mass flow and the liquid mass flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.MassFlowReqd / UF or OF.QmReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Total. The user sets the total mass flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.SolidMassFlowReqd / UF or OF.SolidQmReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the solid mass flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.LiquidMassFlowReqd / UF or OF.LiquidQmReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the liquid mass flow to the defined stream.
Volume Fraction With this method the user can specify the volume fraction to either the Underflow or the Overflow on a total or by phase basis.
SplitTo	Underflow	The user specifies the volume fraction split to the Underflow stream.
SplitTo	Overflow	The user specifies the volume fraction split to the Overflow stream.
SplitBy	Total	The user specifies the total volume fraction split to the defined stream.
SplitBy	Phase	The user specifies the solid and liquid volume fraction splits to the defined stream.
FracToUF or FracToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Total. The user sets the total volume fraction split to the defined stream.
SolidsToUF or SolidsToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the solid volume fraction split to the defined stream.
LiquidsToUF or LiquidsToOF	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the liquid volume fraction split to the defined stream.
Volume Flow With this method the user can specify the volume flow to either the Underflow or the Overflow on a total or by phase basis.
SplitTo	Underflow	The user specifies the volume flow to the Underflow stream.
SplitTo	Overflow	The user specifies the volume flow to the Overflow stream.
SplitBy	Total	The user specifies the total volume flow to the defined stream.
SplitBy	Phase	The user specifies the solid Volume flow and the liquid volume flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.VolFlowReqd / UF or OF .QvReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Total. The user sets the total volume flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.SolVolFlowReqd / UF or OF.SolidQvReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the solid volume flow to the defined stream.
UF or OF.LiqVolFlowReqd / UF or OF.LiquidQvReqd	Input	This is visible if SplitBy = Phase. The user sets the liquid volume flow to the defined stream.
Solid Separation With this method the user can choose between setting the solids composition of the Overflow stream or defining the Underflow flowrate and then specifying the solids composition of the Underflow.
SolidsSeparMethod	OF Solids Fraction	The user specifies the solids mass fraction in the Overflow stream.
	OF Solids Conc	The user specifies the solids concentration in the Overflow stream.
	OF Solids Conc25	The user specifies the solids concentration at 25°C in the Overflow stream.
	Recovery to UF	The user specifies the solids recovery to the Underflow stream, i.e. how much of the solids in the unit reports to the Underflow stream.
	UF MassFlow	The user specifies the total mass flow of the Underflow stream.
	UF VolumeFlow	The user specifies the total volume flow of the Underflow stream.
	Solids Density	Each solid species is split between the Overflow and Underflow streams based on the user specified SolidsCutDensity.
	Solids PSD	The user then specifies one of the Solid Methods for defining a partition curve which then separates the solids based on PSD data in the feed.
OFSolidsPriority	Tick Box	New for Build 139.321691. This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = OF Solids Fraction, OF Solids Conc or OF Solids Conc25. If feed conditions are such that neither OF or UF solids targets can be met, then this determines which stream any solids are sent too. For some flowsheet arrangements (recycles), this can help project convergence reach required OF setpoints and solids flow.
OFSolidFracReqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = OF Solids Fraction. The user sets the solids mass fraction in the Overflow stream.
OFSolidConcReqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = OF Solids Conc. The user sets the solids concentration in the Overflow stream.
OFSolidConc25Reqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = OF Solids Conc25. The user sets the solids concentration at 25°C in the Overflow stream.
SolidsToUFReqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Recovery to UF. The user sets the mass fraction of solids in the unit that must report to the Underflow stream.
UFQmReqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = UF MassFlow. The user sets the total mass flow of the Underflow stream.
UFQvReqd	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = UF VolumeFlow. The user sets the total volume flow of the Underflow stream.
CutDensityMethod	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Solids Density.
	Simple	If the density of a solid species is greater than the SolidsCutDensity then it is all sent to the Underflow stream, otherwise it is all sent to the Overflow stream.
	Erf	An error function is used to determine the split of each solid species between the Overflow and Underflow streams based on the species density, SolidsCutDensity and alpha.
	Logistic	This method is based on a Logisitic type of function. It is used to determine the split of each solid species between the Overflow and Underflow streams based on the species density, SolidsCutDensity and alpha.
SolidsCutDensity	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Solids Density. The user sets the solids cut density which is used to determine how much of each solid species to send to the Overflow and Underflow streams.
ErfAlpha	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Solids Density and CutDensityMethod = Erf. User specified efficiency parameter, alpha. See Erf Cut Density Method for more information.
LogisticAlpha	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Solids Density and CutDensityMethod = Logistic. User specified efficiency parameter, alpha. See Logistic Cut Density Method for more information.
SolidsBypassToUF	Input	This is visible if SolidsSeparMethod = Solids Density. The fraction of solids which bypasses the separation by density calculations and passes straight to the underflow.
The following Solids Method (with Solids PSD) assumes the Solid-Liquid separator is used to emulate the screen.
Solid Separation Requirements.
SolidMethod	Simple (no PSD)	The feed does not need size distribution for this method and the unit acts as a simple mass splitter. If the user chooses this mode then they must define the solids and liquids split from the unit. (This option is visible for the Screen 2 model only)
	Partition Curve	The user inputs a Partition curve (fraction of feed solids per size interval reporting to the oversize) on the PartCrv(deck number) tab. The screen will use this curve, so the size distribution in the feed to the screen has no effect on products. Note: A single partition curve is used for all the size distributions.
	Whiten	The screen model will calculate the solids split using the Whiten method. The user must specify the d₅₀ and alpha, a measure of the sharpness of separation.
	Karra	The screen model will calculate the solids split using the Karra method. The user may specify either the d₅₀ or the Screen area and Cut aperture.
	Rosin-Rammler	This method is based on a Rosin-Rammler type of function with the efficiency curve expression derived by Reid and Plitt. User must specify d₅₀, sharpness of separation, maximum size allowed to undersize and minimum percent of solids reporting to oversize.
	Lynch	This method is based on a Lynch type of function. User must specify d₅₀, sharpness of separation (m), maximum size allowed to undersize and minimum percent of solids reporting to oversize.
	DelVillar-Finch	This method is similar to Rosin-Rammler, but includes a term for the "fish hook" effect for entrainment.
Solid Method - Whiten
Whiten.CalcMethod	d50	The user specifies the d50 of the screen.
	d50 with Beta	The user specifies the d50 of the screen and uses the Beta method to adjust for uncertainties in the finer fractions.
	Aperture, Eff	The user specifies the Screen Aperture and Efficiency. The unit then calculates the d50 of the Screen deck.
	Aperture, Eff with Beta	The user specifies the Screen Aperture and Efficiency and uses the Beta method to adjust for uncertainties in the finer fractions. The unit then calculates the d50 of the Screen deck.
Whiten.Aperture	Input	Only visible if one of the two Aperture CalcMethods are chosen. The Screen Aperture, used to calculate the d50.
Whiten.Efficiency / Eff	Input	The Whiten Efficiency of the Screen. If the user selects one of the 'Aperture' methods, then this is used to calculate the d50. If the user selects one of the 'd50' methods, then this value is used to calculate the Screen aperture (see Theoretical Nominal Screen Aperture).
Whiten.d50	Input/Calc	If either of the d50 methods are chosen, this is entered by the user. If the Aperture method is chosen, this is a calculated value. This is the particle size with a 50% probability of reporting to the over or under size.
Whiten.Alpha	Input	The Efficiency parameter, alpha. An alpha value of between 8 and 15 is normal for screening. However, this does depend on the screening conditions and hence experience and/or test or plant data is required for accurate results.
Whiten.Beta	Input	Only visible if the d50 with Beta or Aperture,Eff with Beta CalcMethods are chosen. The Beta Efficiency parameter. This value takes into account uncertainties in the finer size fractions.
Whiten.Beta*	Calc	Only visible if the d50 with Beta or Aperture,Eff with Beta CalcMethods are chosen. Efficiency parameter.
Whiten.MaxSizeToUS	Input	The model will ensure that all particles LARGER than this size all report to the Screen deck oversize product. This value is often = Screen Deck Aperture. (See Model Theory).
Whiten.MinToOS	Input	The model will ensure that a minimum fraction of solids in each size distribution reports to the oversize product. For example, if the user specifies a minimum of 5%, then at least 5% of each size distribution will report to oversize. (See Model Theory).
Whiten.Rf	Input	The proportion of feed liquid reporting to the over size product to be used in the fines calculation. Note: This value is only used to adjust the solids fine fraction to the screen oversize and NOT to set the fraction of liquid reporting to the oversize stream.
If the user has selected SolidMethod=Whiten and Whiten.CalcMethod = d50 or d50 with Beta, the following fields will be visible:
Theoretical Nominal Screen Aperture
Whiten.Efficiency / Eff	Input	The Whiten Efficiency of the Screen. Used to calculate the Screen aperture.
Whiten.TheorAperture	Calc	The calculated screen aperture, based on the specified d50, alpha and efficiency. Refer to equation 2 in Whiten Method.
Solid Method - Karra
Karra.CalcMethod	d50	The user specifies the d50 of the screen.
Karra.CalcMethod	Area	The user specifies the Area and Cut aperture of the screen and the model calculates the d50 of the screen.
Karra.d50	Input	Only visible if CalcMethod=d50. The user specified d₅₀ of the screen.
Karra.TotalArea	Input	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The deck area.
Karra.Aperture	Input	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The deck cut aperture.
Karra.Wet	Tick Box	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. This must be ticked if this is a wet screening application.
Karra.Factor	Input	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. This is a tuning factor that may be used to adjust the calculated d50 of the screen deck. The default value is 1.
Karra.MaxSizeToUS	Input	The model will ensure that all particles LARGER than this size all report to the Screen deck oversize product. This value is often = Screen Deck Aperture. (See Model Theory).
Karra.MinToOS	Input	The model will ensure that a minimum fraction of solids in each size distribution reports to the oversize product. For example, if the user specifies a minimum of 5%, then at least 5% of each size distribution will report to oversize. This accounts for fines adhering to coarse particles or fines in the liquid.
Karra.Calc_d50	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The calculated d50 of the deck, using the Karra equations.
Karra.d50	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The d50 that is used to determine the screen partition curve. This is normally equal to the field above. But, if the calculated d50 > screen deck aperture, then the model will use the screen deck aperture.
Karra.FeedOversize	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The fraction of oversize material (Q) in the Feed to the deck.
Karra.FeedHalfsize	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The fraction of half size material (R) in the Feed to the deck.
Karra.FeedNearsize	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The fraction of near size material (Xn) in the Feed to the deck.
Karra.SolQmPerArea	Calc	Only visible if CalcMethod=Area. The calculated solids flow rate divided by the screen area.
Solid Method - Rosin-Rammler
RR.d50	Input	The user specifies the d₅₀ of the screen, the size which divides equally between oversize and undersize.
RR.Sharpness	Input	The user specifies the sharpness factor for separation, high values for sharper separation
RR.MaxSizeToUS	Input	The maximum size allowed to report to undersize.
RR.MinToOS	Input	The minimum percent solids (from feed) to report to oversize.
Solid Method - Lynch
Lynch.d50	Input	The user specifies the d₅₀ of the screen, the size which divides equally between oversize and undersize.
Lynch.Sharpness (m)	Input	The user specifies the sharpness factor for separation, high values for sharper separation.
Lynch.Alpha	Calc	Calculated from the Sharpness (m), refer to Lynch Method for more information.
Lynch.MaxSizeToUS	Input	The maximum size allowed to report to undersize.
Lynch.MinToOS	Input	The minimum percent solids (from feed) to report to oversize.
Solid Method - DelVillar-Finch
Finch.d50	Input	The user specifies the d₅₀ of the screen, the size which divides equally between oversize and undersize.
Finch.Sharpness	Input	The user specifies the sharpness factor (m) for separation, high values of m for sharper separation
Finch.d0	Input	The largest particle size affected by the fish-hook for entrainment function.
Finch.MaxSizeToUS	Input	The maximum size allowed to report to undersize.
Finch.MinToOS	Input	The minimum percent solids (from feed) to report to oversize.
Finch.Rf	Input	Proportion of feed liquid reporting to the over size product.
UnderFlow (or Oversize Material when using PSD) Requirements
UFSolidsMethod	UF Solids Fraction	The user specifies the solids mass fraction in the Underflow stream.
	UF Solids Conc	The user specifies the Solids concentration in the Underflow stream.
	UF Solids Conc25	The user specifies the Solids concentration in the Underflow stream at 25°C.
	UF Density	The user specifies the density of the Underflow stream.
UFSolidFracReqd	Input	This is visible if UFSolidsMethod = UF Solids Fraction. The user sets the solids mass fraction in the Underflow stream.
UFSolidConcReqd	Input	This is visible if UFSolidsMethod = UF Solids Conc. The user sets the solids concentration in the Underflow stream.
UFSolidConc25Reqd	Input	This is visible if UFSolidsMethod = UF Solids Conc25. The user sets the solids concentration at 25°C in the Underflow stream.
UFRhoReqd	Input	This is visible if UFSolidsMethod = UF Density. The user sets the density of the Underflow stream.
Selected Solid Species Calculation Method With this method the user may specify fractions of any number of solid species to bypass to either the Underflow or Overflow streams, or the user may specify the bypass to both Over and Under flow streams. Please see the examples in Model Theory.
Method	None	There is no overriding of solid species to the Underflow or Overflow streams.
	Bypass to Underflow	The user may specify the fractions of one or more Solid species that bypass to the Underflow stream.
	Bypass to Overflow	The user may specify the fractions of one or more Solid species that bypass to the Overflow stream.
	Bypass to Both	The user may specify the fractions of one or more Solid species that bypass the Solid-Liquid calculation block and is then split between the Over and Under flow streams.
BypassSeparCalcs	Tick Box	If this is enabled then the unit will NOT include the bypassed species fraction in the solid/liquid separation calculations. If it is not ticked, then the unit will include the fraction of bypassed species in the solid/liquid separation calculations. Please see the examples in Model Theory for clarification.
ShowByPassSolids	Tick Box	If this is enabled then the Count and Speciesx fields will be shown, otherwise they will be hidden.
Count	Input	Only visible if ShowByPassSolids is enabled. The number of solid species for which the user wishes to configure bypasses. This may be up to 10 species.
Solids Species Overall Bypass to Underflow, Overflow or Both
Speciesx	Species List	Only visible if ShowByPassSolids is enabled. The user may select a species from a drop down list of all of the Solid species in the project.
BypassFracx	Input	The user sets that fraction of species x that must bypass to the Underflow or Overflow streams OR that must bypass Both. Example 1: The user chooses Bypass to Overflow, with Count = 1, Species1 = B(s) and BypassFrac1 = 10%, then 10% of B(s) will bypass the solids separation step and will report to the Overflow stream. 90% of B(s) will be involved in the solid-liquid calculation. Example 2: The user chooses Bypass to Both, with Count = 1, Species1 = B(s), BypassFrac1 = 100% and FracToOF1 = 10%. ALL of B(s) will bypass the solids separation step, 10% of B(s) and will report to the Overflow stream and the remaining 90% will report to the Underflow stream.
FracToOFx	Input	This field is only visible if the user selects Bypass to Both. The user sets that fraction of species x that must bypass to the Overflow streams. For example: The user chooses Bypass to Both, with Count = 1, Species1 = C(s), FracToOf1 = 100% and FracToOF1 = 50%. ALL of the C(s) will bypass the solids separation step, 50% of C(s) and will report to the Overflow stream and 50% will report to the Underflow stream.
Results
Temperature / T	Display	The temperature of mixture in the solid liquid separator.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The total mass flow to the Underflow and Overflow streams.
VapourMassFlow / VQm	Display	The total flow of vapour to the Underflow and Overflow streams. (This does NOT include the vapour to the Vent)
UF.BypassMassFlow / UF.BypassQm	Display	The mass flow of the material that bypasses the underflow.
OF.BypassMassFlow / OF.BypassQm	Display	The mass flow of the material that bypasses the overflow.
BypassMassFlow / BypassQm	Display	The mass flow of the solids in the unit that bypasses the separation section.
UF.SolidsTakeoffQm	Display	Only visible for Classifying Precipitator. The solids mass flow takeoff from the underflow for recycle.
UF.SolidsTakeoffFrac	Display	Only visible for Classifying Precipitator. The mass fraction of solids in the underflow that reports to takeoff for recycle.
UF.FinalSf	Display	Only visible for Classifying Precipitator. The final underflow solids mass fraction after removal of solids takeoff.
Slurry Separation Results If the BypassSeparCalcs tickbox is selected (visible with Solid Species Bypass Calculation Method used), then the table heading will display "Slurry Separation Results (excluding bypass)"
UFSolidsRecovery	Display	The fraction of feed solids sent to the underflow.
UFLiquidRecovery	Display	The fraction of feed liquid sent to the underflow.
The following table displays the flows and compositions of the Underflow and Overflow streams. Note: These are for slurry only, vapours are excluded.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The total mass flow in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
VolFlow / Qv	Display	The total volume flow in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
SolidMassFlow / SQm	Display	The solids mass flow in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
LiquidMassFlow / LQm	Display	The liquid mass flow in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
SolidFrac / Sf	Display	The solid fraction in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
Density / Rho	Display	The total density of each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
SolidConc	Display	The solid concentration (mass of solids/density of slurry) in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.
SolidConc25	Display	The solid concentration at 25°C (mass of solids/density of slurry at 25°C) in each of the Underflow and Overflow streams.

CFE tab page

This tab is only visible if the UseCFE option is enabled on the TCE tab page.

This option allows a portion of a species to be locked up and not allowed to react.
Applying CFE can have a significant effect on the final composition, use of this feature requires detailed knowledge of the process chemistry.
This feature is unavailable if using SysCAD VLE with PHREEQC.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Constrained Free Energy (CFE) Configuration
CFE...
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the PHREEQC database chosen.
Filters	Display	Always set to 'Content'.
Content (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Filter is enabled and Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
(The following tables (one per phase) display the PHREEQC species from the selected database. The user can set the Inert Fraction for each species. Note that liquid ions are not shown on this page as the Inert Fractions cannot be set for them.) (Each table has the following column (one row per PHREEQC species):)
InertFrac	Input	The user specified fraction of the species that is considered inert, i.e. cannot react to form other species/ions. The presence of the inert fraction is still taken into account when calculating stream properties. This is only available as an input for molecular species (not ions).

Bypass tab page

This tab is only visible if the WithBypass option is enabled on the TCE tab page. This will allow some or all of the SysCAD species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Specify Bypass of Feed
BypassMode	Species	A bypass fraction can be set for each species in the project.
BypassMode	Phases	A bypass fraction can be set for each phase (Solid, Liquid or Vapour) in the project.
BypassUnmapped		If this button is pressed then the bypass fraction for all Unmapped Species will be set to 100%. This is only relevant if BypassMode = Species. NOTE: There is no automatic undo for this function. It is recommended to bypass all species in the SysCAD model which are not present in the PHREEQC model you are using.
ShowUnmappedSpecies	Tickbox	If ticked, all the unmapped species will be displayed in a list immediately under this field.
PhaseBypass... (only displayed if BypassMode = Phases)
PhaseBypass.Solid.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD solid species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD solid species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
PhaseBypass.Liquid.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD liquid species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD liquid species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
PhaseBypass.Vapour.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD vapour species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD vapour species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
The remaining fields are only displayed if BypassMode = Species)
On		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the PHREEQC database chosen.
Filters	Display	Always set to 'Content'.
Content (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Filter is enabled and Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
GroupValue	Input	The user specified bypass value that will be used for all species displayed when the Set to GroupValue button is pressed.
SetVisible		When pressed, this button will set the bypass parameter for all species currently displayed (based on Filter settings) equal to the GroupValue.
SysCAD Feed Stream Bypass
(The following table displays all the SysCAD species in the project (unless restricted by the Filter settings). The table has the following column (one row per SysCAD species):)
Bypass.XXX	Input	The user specified Bypass fraction for SysCAD species XXX. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.

RxnBypass tab page

This tab is only visible if the WithBypass option is enabled on the TCE tab page. This will allow some or all of the SysCAD species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Specify Bypass during Solver Solution
RxnBypass...
BypassMode	Species	A bypass fraction can be set for each species in the project.
BypassMode	Phases	A bypass fraction can be set for each phase (Solid, Liquid or Vapour) in the project.
BypassUnmapped		If this button is pressed then the bypass fraction for all Unmapped Species will be set to 100%. This is only relevant if BypassMode = Species. NOTE: There is no automatic undo for this function. It is recommended to bypass all species in the SysCAD model which are not present in the PHREEQC model you are using.
ShowUnmappedSpecies	Tickbox	If ticked, all the unmapped species will be displayed in a list immediately under this field.
PhaseBypass... (only displayed if BypassMode = Phases)
PhaseBypass.Solid.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD solid species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD solid species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
PhaseBypass.Liquid.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD liquid species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD liquid species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
PhaseBypass.Vapour.MF	Input	Only displayed if BypassMode = Phases. The user specified Bypass fraction for all SysCAD vapour species. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD vapour species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.
The remaining fields are only displayed if BypassMode = Species)
On		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the PHREEQC database chosen.
Filters	Display	Always set to 'Content'.
Content (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Filter is enabled and Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
GroupValue	Input	The user specified bypass value that will be used for all species displayed when the Set to GroupValue button is pressed.
SetVisible		When pressed, this button will set the bypass parameter for all species currently displayed (based on Filter settings) equal to the GroupValue.
SysCAD Feed Stream Bypass
(The following table displays all the SysCAD species in the project (unless restricted by the Filter settings). The table has the following column (one row per SysCAD species):)
Bypass.XXX	Input	The user specified Bypass fraction for SysCAD species XXX. A non-zero value will allow some or all (100%) of the SysCAD species to bypass the thermodynamic engine calculations.

PHREEQCResults tab page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
PHREEQC Calculation Results Summary
Feed Massflow Summary
Bypass.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material in the feed which bypasses the calculation due to user selection of bypass species. Use show ShowQBypass to view full stream.
Unmapped.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material in the feed which is not forward mapped to a species and therefore bypasses the calculation. Use show ShowQUnmapped to view full stream.
PHREEQC.Feed.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material in the feed to the PHREEQC calculation. Same value as tag Feed.Qm.
TotalFeed.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The total feed mass to the PHREEQC model block. Sum of bypasses and feed to PHREEQC calculation.
Product Massflow Summary
PHREEQC.Prod.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material in the product of the PHREEQC calculation. Same value as tag Prod.Qm.
RxnBypass.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material for
RxnUnmapped.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of material in the prod which is not reverse mapped to SysCAD species.
TotalProd.MassFlow / Qm	Display	The total product mass for the PHREEQC model block. Sum of bypasses and product of PHREEQC calculation.
Solids Yield
Solids.Yield	Display	The solids concentration in the product stream.
Solids.Precip	Display	The change in solids flow, feed-product. A positive value indicates precipitation has occurred. A negative value indicates dissolution has occurred.
Stream Properties Summary
Prod...
Temperature / T	Display	The Temperature of the final solution.
Pressure / P	Display	The Pressure of the final solution.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The Mass flow of the final solution.
Hf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the final solution per unit mass.
Enthalpy / totHf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the final solution.
AqDensity / AqRho	Display	The density of aqueous species (solution) in the final solution.
Density / Rho	Display	The density of all species in the final mixture.
IonicStrength / I	Display	The molal Ionic Strength of the final solution, based on the molality (moles/mass of H2O) and charge of the individual ions.
pH	Display	The pH of the final solution.
Alkalinity	Display	The alkalinity of the final solution.
WaterActivity	Display	The water activity of the final solution.
TotalDissolvedSolids / TDS	Display	The mass concentration of Total Dissolved Solids (total aqueous-water) in the final solution.
OsmoticPressure / OsmP	Display	The Osmotic Pressure of the final solution. Please refer to Model Theory - Calculation of Osmotic Pressure for more information.
ORP	Display	Available from Build 139.33865. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the final solution referenced to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). This is also known as [math]\displaystyle{ E_h }[/math].
pKw	Display	The pKw of the final solution.
PHREEQCInput		When this button is pressed, user can select to copy the Feed or Product information to clipboard.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all phases/species that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all phases/species will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow. Note this setting applies to the subsequent pages as well.
Feed...
Feed Phase Flowrate Summary
(The following table displays a summary of results for the different phases. The table has the following columns (one row per phase)):
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of the relevant phase in the feed.
MassFrac / Mf	Display	The mass fraction of the relevant phase in the feed.
MoleFlow / QMl	Display	The mole flow of the relevant phase in the feed.
MoleFrac / Mlf	Display	The mole fraction of the relevant phase in the feed.
Prod...
Prod Phase Flowrate Summary
(The following table displays a summary of results for the different phases. The table has the following columns (one row per phase)):
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The mass flow of the relevant phase in the final solution.
MassFrac / Mf	Display	The mass fraction of the relevant phase in the final solution.
MoleFlow / QMl	Display	The mole flow of the relevant phase in the final solution.
MoleFrac / Mlf	Display	The mole fraction of the relevant phase in the final solution.
PHREEQC Energy Balance (only shown if CalcEnthalpy is enabled on TCE tab page)
PHREEQC.HeatFlow	Display	Difference in enthalpy between the product and feed of the PHREEQC reactions calculated by SysCAD.
Bypass.HeatFlow	Display	The heat required to adjust the temperature and pressure of the bypass stream to exit conditions.
HeatLoss	Display	The environmental heat loss.
HeatFlow	Display	The heat flow required to achieve the product conditions relative to the feed conditions. Includes environmental heat loss if applicable. This is calculated by SysCAD and accounts for bypass and heat loss. Note that Bypass heat is calculated by SysCAD.
Forward Mapping Summary
FwdMap.ScdFeed	Display	This displays mass and SysCAD enthalpy of the feed stream to PHREEQC before mapping and after bypass and unmapped are removed.
FwdMap	Display	This displays mass and PHREEQC enthalpy of the Input stream to PHREEQC after forward mapping. The enthalpy of the FwdMap stream and the FwdMap.ScdFeed stream should be identical because the SysCAD-PHREEQC interface uses the SysCAD enthalpy model to calculate enthalpy
FwdMap.Diff	Display	This displays the difference in mass and enthalpy between the feed stream and Input stream. There should never be differences in mass. Small enthalpy differences are expected but large differences may indicate issues with SysCAD database enthalpy data.
FwdMap.RelDiff	Display	This displays the relative difference in mass and enthalpy between the feed stream and Input stream. There should never be differences in mass. Small enthalpy differences are expected but large differences may indicate issues with SysCAD database enthalpy data.
Reverse Mapping Summary
RevMap.TCEProd	Display	This displays mass and PHREEQC enthalpy of the Output stream from PHREEQC. The enthalpy of the RevMap.TCEProd stream and the RevMap stream should be identical because the SysCAD-PHREEQC interface uses the SysCAD enthalpy model to calculate enthalpy
RevMap	Display	This displays mass and SysCAD enthalpy of the Prod stream after reverse mapping.
RevMap.Diff	Display	This displays the difference in mass and enthalpy between the Output stream and Prod stream. There should never be differences in mass. Small enthalpy differences are expected but large differences may indicate issues with SysCAD database enthalpy data.
RevMap.RelDiff	Display	This displays the relative difference in mass and enthalpy between the Output stream and Prod stream. There should never be differences in mass. Small enthalpy differences are expected but large differences may indicate issues with SysCAD database enthalpy data.
Copy Reverse Mapping Reactions to Clipboard
RevMap.IonRxns		Pushing this button copies to the clipboard a list of reactions that were executed to perform the reverse mapping. These can then be pasted into Excel to generate a table.
Calculation Summary
Summary...
LastCalcType	Display	This displays the type of calculation (OpMode) used for the last calculation.
Remove		If the user clicks on this button, SysCAD will remove duplicate error messages received.
ErrorCount	Display	The total number of errors encountered in the last calculation.
ErrorXX	Display	If there are error messages associated with the last calculation, they will be displayed here.
ConvergenceError	Display	The largest numerical convergence error. This is often zero when the solution converges with no errors.

Input tab page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Stream Properties Summary
Feed...
Temperature / T	Display	The Temperature of the feed solution. This is calculated using the SysCAD enthalpy context.
Pressure / P	Display	The Pressure of the feed solution.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The Mass Flow of the feed solution.
Hf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the feed solution per unit mass. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
Enthalpy / totHf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the feed solution. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
PHREEQCInput		When this button is pressed, user can select to copy the Feed or Product information to clipboard.
Feed...
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all species that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all species will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
StreamView		If the Mass button is clicked, the species will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the species will be shown in mole flow view.
Stream	Mass	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Mole	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Unmapped Mass	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
	Unmapped Mole	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the {{{TPS}}} database chosen.
Filters (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Content	All species which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase and Content criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
	Content & MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.

	MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
Content (Only visible when one of the Content Filter options is selected)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
MassFrac.Limit	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Limit or MassFrac Limit. The user specified MassFrac Limit, the maximum mass fraction to be displayed.
MassFrac.Count	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Largest, Content & MassFrac Smallest, MassFrac Largest or MassFrac Smallest. The user specified Mass Frac Count, the maximum number of species to be displayed.
(The following tables display the mass/mole flow, mass/mole fraction of the individual species.) (Each table (one for each phase) has the following columns (one row for each species). )
MassFlow / Qm	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass flow of the species in the feed stream.
MassFrac / Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass fraction of the species in the feed stream.
PhaseMassFrac / IPh:Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass fraction of the species in the displayed phase.
MoleFlow / QMl	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole flow of the species in the feed stream.
MoleFrac / Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole fraction of the species in the feed stream.
PhaseMoleFrac / IPh:Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole fraction of the species in the displayed phase.

Output tab page

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Stream Properties Summary
Prod...
Temperature / T	Display	The Temperature of the product solution. This is calculated by SysCAD enthalpy context.
Pressure / P	Display	The Pressure of the product solution.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The Mass Flow of the product solution.
Hf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the product solution per unit mass. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
Enthalpy / totHf@T	Display	The Enthalpy of the product solution. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
AqDensity / AqRho	Display	The density of aqueous species (solution) in the final solution.
Density / Rho	Display	The density of all species in the final mixture.
IonicStrength / I	Display	The molal Ionic Strength of the final solution, based on the molality (moles/mass of H2O) and charge of the individual ions.
pH	Display	The pH of the final solution.
Alkalinity	Display	The alkalinity of the final solution.
WaterActivity	Display	The water activity of the final solution.
TotalDissolvedSolids / TDS	Display	The mass concentration of Total Dissolved Solids (total aqueous-water) in the final solution.
OsmoticPressure / OsmP	Display	The Osmotic Pressure of the final solution. Please refer to Model Theory - Calculation of Osmotic Pressure for more information.
ORP	Display	Available from Build 139.33865. The oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the final solution referenced to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). This is also known as [math]\displaystyle{ E_h }[/math].
pKw	Display	The pKw of the final solution.
PHREEQCInput		When this button is pressed, user can select to copy the Feed or Product information to clipboard.
Copy Reverse Mapping Reactions to Clipboard
RevMap.IonRxns		A table of Ion Rebuild Reactions (ions->species) and their extents will be copied to the clipboard.
Prod...
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all species that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all species will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
StreamView		If the Mass button is clicked, the species will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the species will be shown in mole flow view.
Stream	Mass	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Mole	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Unmapped Mass	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
	Unmapped Mole	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the {{{TPS}}} database chosen.
Filters (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Content	All species which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase and Content criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
	Content & MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.

	MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
Content (Only visible when one of the Content Filter options is selected)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
MassFrac.Limit	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Limit or MassFrac Limit. The user specified MassFrac Limit, the maximum mass fraction to be displayed.
MassFrac.Count	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Largest, Content & MassFrac Smallest, MassFrac Largest or MassFrac Smallest. The user specified Mass Frac Count, the maximum number of species to be displayed.
(The following tables display the mass/mole flow, mass/mole fraction of the individual species.) (Each table (one for each phase) has the following columns (one row for each species). Totals for fractions/flows and maximum values for SatIdx are on the last row of each phase section.)
MassFlow / Qm	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass flow of the species in the product stream.
MassFrac / Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass fraction of the species in the product stream.
PhaseMassFrac / IPh:Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The mass fraction of the species in the displayed phase.
MoleFlow / QMl	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole flow of the species in the product stream.
MoleFrac / Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole fraction of the species in the product stream.
PhaseMoleFrac / IPh:Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The mole fraction of the species in the displayed phase.
ActivityCoeff	Display	Only shown for liquid/aqueous species. The activity coefficient of the species.
SatIdx	Display	Only shown for solid species. The saturation index of the species relative to its equilibrium solubility.
SatIdx.Eff	Display	Only shown for solid species. The saturation index of the species adjusted for user specified Saturation Index as defined in the PHREEQC Model Configuration.
Fugacity	Display	Only shown for gaseous species. The fugacity of the species.
Fugacity.Eff	Display	Only shown for gaseous species.

Diff tab page

This tab is only visible if ShowRxnDiff is ticked. The displayed results are the difference between input and output streams.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Stream Properties Summary
Diff...
Temperature / T	Display	The Temperature difference between the feed and product solutions.
Pressure / P	Display	The Pressure difference between the feed and product solutions.
MassFlow / Qm	Display	The Mass Flow difference between the feed and product solutions.
Hf@T	Display	The Enthalpy difference between the feed and product solutions per unit mass. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
Enthalpy / totHf@T	Display	The Enthalpy difference between the feed and product solutions. This is calculated using SysCAD enthalpy.
Copy Reverse Mapping Reactions to Clipboard
RevMap.IonRxns		A table of Ion Rebuild Reactions (ions->species) and their extents will be copied to the clipboard.
Diff...
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all species that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all species will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
StreamView		If the Mass button is clicked, the species will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the species will be shown in mole flow view.
Stream	Mass	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Mole	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Unmapped Mass	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
	Unmapped Mole	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the {{{TPS}}} database chosen.
Filters (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Content	All species which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase and Content criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
	Content & MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.

	MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
Content (Only visible when one of the Content Filter options is selected)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
MassFrac.Limit	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Limit or MassFrac Limit. The user specified MassFrac Limit, the maximum mass fraction to be displayed.
MassFrac.Count	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Largest, Content & MassFrac Smallest, MassFrac Largest or MassFrac Smallest. The user specified Mass Frac Count, the maximum number of species to be displayed.
(The following tables display the mass/mole flow, mass/mole fraction of the individual species.) (Each table (one for each phase) has the following columns (one row for each species). )
MassFlow / Qm	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The difference in mass flow of the species.
MassFrac / Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The difference in mass fraction of the species.
PhaseMassFrac / IPh:Mf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mass. The difference in mass fraction of the species in the displayed phase.
MoleFlow / QMl	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The difference in mole flow of the species.
MoleFrac / Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The difference in mole fraction of the species.
PhaseMoleFrac / IPh:Mlf	Display	Visible when StreamView = Mole. The difference in mole fraction of the species in the displayed phase.

Scaling tab page

This tab is only visible if ShowScaling is ticked. This page lists all the Saturation Index for all the solid species in the product.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all species that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all species will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
StreamView		If the Mass button is clicked, the species will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the species will be shown in mole flow view.
Stream	Mass	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Mole	Copy stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard.
	Unmapped Mass	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mass basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
	Unmapped Mole	Copy unmapped stream contents to clipboard, mole basis, for pasting into Excel. If Zeros is set to hide, zero values will not be copied to the clipboard. Unmapped species are those which will not be mapped to the exiting SysCAD stream.
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the {{{TPS}}} database chosen.
Filters (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Content	All species which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase and Content criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	Content & MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
	Content & MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase and Content criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.

	MassFrac Limit	Only species which meet the Phase criteria AND have a mass fraction greater than or equal to the user specified MassFrac.Limit will be displayed.
	MassFrac Largest	Only the top N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
MassFrac Smallest	Only the bottom N species (based on Mass Fraction) which meet the Phase criteria will be displayed, where N = the user specified MassFrac.Count.
Content (Only visible when one of the Content Filter options is selected)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
MassFrac.Limit	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Limit or MassFrac Limit. The user specified MassFrac Limit, the maximum mass fraction to be displayed.
MassFrac.Count	Input	Only visible if Filters = Content & MassFrac Largest, Content & MassFrac Smallest, MassFrac Largest or MassFrac Smallest. The user specified Mass Frac Count, the maximum number of species to be displayed.
SatIdx	Display	Only shown for solid species. The saturation index of the species relative to its equilibrium solubility.
SatIdx.Eff	Display	Only shown for solid species. The saturation index of the species adjusted for user specified Saturation Index as defined in the PHREEQC Model Configuration.

ElemBal tab page

This tab performs an element balance between the PHREEQC Input and Output streams and separately, between the SysCAD Input and Output streams.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
ElemBal...
Tol.SigDigits	Input	This provides an easy way to change the Tol.Rel value. For example, 4 here will set Tol.Rel = 1.00e-4. If user changes the Tol.Rel value, this value will also be updated.
Tol.Rel	Input	The relative tolerance for Element Balance (Input - Output). If the relative error is > Tol.Rel then an error is generated.
Tol.Abs	Input	The absolute tolerance for Element Balance (Input - Output). If the absolute error is > Tol.Abs then an error is generated.
PHREEQC...
ElementBalanceView		If the Mass button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mole flow view.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all elements that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all elements will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
PHREEQC Element Balance
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative errors of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the PHREEQC Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the PHREEQC Output stream. The QRxnBypass stream is also included in this total. This can be viewed by clicking "ShowQRxnBypass".
AbsErr / Qm.Err	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The difference in mass flow of the element between the PHREEQC Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the PHREEQC Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the PHREEQC Output stream.
AbsErr / QMl.Err	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the PHREEQC Output and Input streams.
RelErr	Display	The relative difference in flow of the element between the PHREEQC Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.
Scd...
SysCAD Element Balance
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative errors of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the SysCAD Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the SysCAD Output stream. The QRxnBypass stream is also included in this total. This can be viewed by clicking "ShowQRxnBypass".
AbsErr / Qm.Err	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The difference in mass flow of the element between the SysCAD Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the SysCAD Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the SysCAD Output stream.
AbsErr / QMl.Err	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the SysCAD Output and Input streams.
RelErr	Display	The relative difference in flow of the element between the SysCAD Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.

PhDeport tab page

This tab is only visible if PhaseElemDeportment is ticked. This tab shows the mass movement of elements for the Liquid, Solid and Gas phases.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
PD...
ElementBalanceView		If the Mass button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mole flow view.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all elements that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all elements will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
PHREEQC.Liquid...
PHREEQC Deportment
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative changes of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the liquid phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the liquid phase of the Output stream.
Change / Qm.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The change in mass flow of the element between the liquid phase of the Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the liquid phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the liquid phase of the Output stream.
Change / QMl.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the liquid phase of the Output and Input streams.
RelChange	Display	The relative change in flow of the element between the liquid phase of the Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.
PHREEQC.Solid...
PHREEQC Deportment
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative changes of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the solid phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the solid phase of the Output stream.
Change / Qm.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The change in mass flow of the element between the solid phase of the Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the solid phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the solid phase of the Output stream.
Change / QMl.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the solid phase of the Output and Input streams.
RelChange	Display	The relative change in flow of the element between the solid phase of the Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.
PHREEQC.Gas...
PHREEQC Deportment
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative changes of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the gas phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the gas phase of the Output stream.
Change / Qm.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The change in mass flow of the element between the gas phase of the Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the gas phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the gas phase of the Output stream.
Change / QMl.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the gas phase of the Output and Input streams.
RelChange	Display	The relative change in flow of the element between the gas phase of the Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.

IPhDeport tab page

This tab is only visible if IPhaseElemDeportment is ticked. This tab shows the mass movement of elements for each PHREEQC phase.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
IPD...
ElementBalanceView		If the Mass button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mass flow view. If the Mole button is clicked, the elements will be shown in mole flow view.
Zeros		If the Hide Zeros button is clicked, all elements that have NO mass flow will be hidden. If the Show Zeros button is clicked, all elements will be displayed, including those with zero mass flow.
PHREEQC.<PHREEQC PHASE>...
PHREEQC Deportment
(The following table displays the mass/molar flows, and absolute and relative changes of the individual elements.) The table has the following columns (one row for each element):
FlowIn / Qm.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the selected PHREEQC phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / Qm.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The mass flow of the element in the selected PHREEQC phase of the Output stream.
Change / Qm.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mass. The change in mass flow of the element between the selected PHREEQC phase of the Output and Input streams.
FlowIn / QMl.In	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the selected PHREEQC phase of the Input stream.
FlowOut / QMl.Out	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The molar flow of the element in the selected PHREEQC phase of the Output stream.
Change / QMl.Chng	Display	Visible when ElementBalanceView = Mole. The difference in molar flow of the element between the selected PHREEQC phase of the Output and Input streams.
RelChange	Display	The relative change in flow of the element between the selected PHREEQC phase of the Output and Input streams, relative to the Input stream.

ParamSweep tab page

This tab is only visible if ShowPlotter is ticked. This option is only shown if this model has been successfully run.

This tab allows the user to perform multiple calculations to generate a set of data. The data can be copied and pasted into external programs such as Excel to allow the data to be plotted and analysed.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
Use tools on this page to generate tabular data on clipboard from parameter sweep
ParamSweep...
Method	AdjustT	The chosen independent variable is Temperature.
Method	AdjustQMl	The chosen independent variable is flow of an individual species.
MinTemperature / MinT	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustT. The minimum temperature of the final solution in the data set.
MaxTemperature / MaxT	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustT. The maximum temperature of the final solution in the data set.
SelPhase... (only visible if Method = AdjustQMl)
Filter	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl. Allows user to optionally shorten the Phase Selection list (SelPhase) by entering in some letters from the desired phase.
PhaseFilter	List	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl. List of available phases to choose from. The list will not show all phases if user has entered some letters in the Filter field above.
SelSp... (only visible if Method = AdjustQMl)
Filter	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl. Allows user to optionally shorten the Species Selection list (TargetSpAdjust) by entering in some letters from the desired species.
TargSpAdjust	List	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl. The user can select a single species from the list of all species in the PHREEQC database to have its flow varied. The list will be limited to those in the selected phase (SelPhase) and will not show all species if user has entered some letters in the Filter field above.
MoleBasis	Tickbox	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl. If this box is ticked, user specifies the minimum and maximum mole flow of selected species. If this is not ticked, user can specify these flows in terms of mass flow.
MinSpMassFlow / QmMin	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl and MoleBasis is not ticked. The minimum mass flow of the selected species in the final solution.
MaxSpMassFlow / QmMax	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl and MoleBasis is not ticked. The maximum mass flow of the selected species in the final solution.
MinSpMoleFlow / QMlMin	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl and MoleBasis is ticked. The minimum mole flow of the selected species in the final solution.
MaxSpMoleFlow / QMlMax	Input	Only visible if Method = AdjustQMl and MoleBasis is ticked. The maximum mole flow of the selected species in the final solution.
StepSize	Input	The step size between each data point. If the user changes this value, then SysCAD will automatically adjust DataPoints (Below). (=(Max-Min)/(DataPoints-1))
DataPoints	Input	The number of calculations to perform/rows of data to generate. If the user changes this value, then SysCAD will automatically adjust StepSize (Above). (=(Max-Min)/StepSize + 1)
IndVarRanges		If the user clicks on this button, the inputs for the independent variable limits will be reset to their default values. (Applied to the temperature option only).
PlotDataCreate		If the user clicks on this button, SysCAD will perform the requested calculations based on the chosen parameters, to generate the required data.
PlotDataTable		If the user clicks on this button, SysCAD will perform the requested calculations based on the chosen parameters, to generate the required data. SysCAD will also copy the generated data to the clipboard, allowing it to be pasted into an external program such as MS Excel.
Select Dependent Variables for Output
SelectSpecies / SelectSp	Tickbox	Allows the user to select species to be reported. If this option is enabled, the SpForPlot tab will appear.
ShowActCoeff / ShowAC	Tickbox	Only visible if the SelectSp option is enabled. If this option is enabled, the activity coefficients of the species selected on the SpForPlot tab will be reported.
HideZeros	Tickbox	Only visible if the SelectSp option is enabled. If this option is enabled, the outputted table will be filtered so that only species which have a non-zero value in any of the calculations in the sweep will be shown in the table.
ResultsType	(only visible if the SelectSp option is enabled)
	Flow	The results generated will include the flows of the selected species in the final product stream.
	Frac	The results generated will include the overall fractions of the selected species in the final product stream.
	PhaseFrac	The results generated will include the phase fractions of the selected species in the final product stream.
SelectedSpCount	Display	Only visible if the SelectSp option is available. The number of species selected on the SpForPlot tab.
Select Properties For Output
PropertiesCount / PropsCount	Input	The number of properties to be included in the reported data set.
PropX	List	The property to be reported from the list of available properties. Note: This field is only visible if the entry for NumPropsForOutput is greater then 0. If there is one property then X=1. If there are two properties, then X=1 and X=2, etc.

SpForPlot tab page

This tab is only visible if the SelectSp option is enabled on the ParamSweep tab. It allows the user to select which species to be reported in the sets of data to be generated.

Tag (Long/Short)	Input / Calc	Description/Calculated Variables / Options
SpForPlot...
SpeciesName		The Species:Long or Short button is used to change the display of the Species names between the Short form, the Chemical compound, or the longer species names.
SelectVisible		User can select all the species which are currently visible in the access window. The ones that are visible may be limited by use of the Filter (see options below).
UnselectVisible		User can unselect all the species which are currently visible in the access window. The ones that are visible may be limited by use of the Filter (see options below).
Filter View
Filter		This button will enable or disable the species filter options.
ShowUnmapped (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	Tickbox	When enabled, all species will be displayed. When disabled, only species that are mapped to a SysCAD species will be shown.
Phases (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on phase.
	Solids	Only show solid phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids	Only show liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Vapours	Only show vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Liquids	Only show solid and liquid phase species, hide other species.
	Solids & Vapours	Only show solid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	Liquids & Vapours	Only show liquid and vapour (gaseous) phase species, hide other species.
	IPhase	Only show "IPhase" individual phase species, hide other species. The individual phases shown will depend on the PHREEQC database chosen.
Filters	Display	Always set to 'Content'.
Content (Only visible if Filter is enabled)	All	No filtering of species based on element or name.
	Contains Any Element	This will display all species that contain any of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Contains All Elements	This will display only species that contain ALL of the elements entered in their elemental definition.
	Starts with ...	This will display species that start with the text entered based on the short or long species tag depending on the current SpeciesTag selection.
	Contains any ...	This will display species that contain the text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
	Contains All ...	This will display species that contain ALL the separate text entered in the currently displayed short or long species tag.
Select	Input	Only visible if Filter is enabled and Content is NOT set to All. The user specified Elements or text to filter the species list. Refer to Species Filter for more information and examples.
(The following tables (one per phase) display the PHREEQC species from the selected database. The user can select any number of species.) (Each table has the following column (one row per PHREEQC species):)
Select	Tickbox	The properties (selected on the ParamSweep tab) of the selected species will be reported when the Generate function (ParamSweep tab) is used.
SetAll...(displayed at the end of each phase)
SelectAll		User can select all the species in the relevant phase.
UnselectAll		User can unselect all the species in the relevant phase.

Adding this Model to a Project

Insert into Configuration file

Sort either by DLL or Group.

	DLL:	ScdPHREEQC.dll	→	Units/Links	→	TCE PHREEQC: PHREEQC Evaporator
or	Group:	Energy Transfer	→	Units/Links	→	TCE PHREEQC: PHREEQC Evaporator

See Model Selection for more information on adding models to the configuration file.

Insert into Project

Insert Unit

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TCE PHREEQC

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PHREEQC Evaporator

See Insert Unit for general information on inserting units.

Hints and Comments

The information in the VLE Section must be correct for the Evaporator to operate as required. If the VLE configuration requires information that is not available, then the flashing will not occur.
PHREEQC uses the SysCAD VLE submodel to perform flashing. Vapour-Liquid Equilibrium is not directly calculated by PHREEQC.

PHREEQC Evaporator

General Description

Diagram

Crystallization

Heat Exchange Options

Inputs and Outputs

Behaviour when Model is OFF

Model Theory

PHREEQC

Calculation of Osmotic Pressure

WorkFlow

Flow Chart

Data Sections

PHREEQCEvaporator tab page

TCE tab page

Results Page

HX Page

Separ Page

Mass Fraction

Mass Flow

Volume Fraction

Volume Flow

Solid Separation

Solid Method - Whiten

Solid Method - Karra

Solid Method - Rosin-Rammler

Solid Method - Lynch

Solid Method - DelVillar-Finch

Selected Solid Species Calculation Method

Results

Slurry Separation Results